Impact Of Slavery According To Frederick Douglass - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 611 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Frederick Douglass Essay Did you like this example? Frederick Douglass Throughout this passage coming from the Narrative of Douglas, Douglass is referring to the women at his new plantation, or his new â€Å"home†. He portrays the idea that slavery truly does have a very impactful and large effect on everyone who witnesses it or is involved with it, rather than just the slaves themselves, specifically through the words, â€Å"soon commenced its infernal work† (Douglass 77-78). Essentially, one could say that slavery changes who a person is entirely, and this is demonstrated perfectly through Douglass’ words throughout this passage. Douglass shows the true impact slavery leaves on everyone through the picture he paints into your head, which stems from his use of imagery when he states, â€Å"cheerful eye† and â€Å"red with rage† (Douglass 77-78). The use of the imagery impacts readers, and brings to life the idea that slavery was life changing as it shows that her once happy self was changed the minute her life was introduced to slavery through her new marriage, as prior to this she had never experienced the horror of slavery. She was once pure and innocent, yet that was all taken away from her when she entered the world of slavery. The torture her and her husband were inflicting on others took a toll on her personality as a whole, and eventually sucked all of the life out of her. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact Of Slavery According To Frederick Douglass" essay for you Create order Following this, Douglass’ use of a metaphor through the words, â€Å"angelic face gave place to that of a demon† (Douglass 77-78) shows yet again the idea that people change entirely through the terrifying, and horrific process that slavery was, and all of the treatment that it entailed. This metaphor compares not only the women to an angel in the past, but now a demon as well, which are two very opposite, and rather heavy things to be compared to mentally. Yet again, the idea that slavery can make someone who was once so pure, or someone who obtained an â€Å"angelic face† into the worst thing possible, â€Å"a demon† is brought to life through this extremely impactful metaphor, as the terms used are on a very deep scale for many. Finally, Douglass brings up once again how amazing and wonderful this woman was prior to this horrid experience and conditions she had to witness others go through. Through the words, â€Å"a woman of the kindest heart and fine st feelings† (Douglass 77-78), the theme above occurs once again, yet this time, with diction. This woman truly was one of the best people that others had known, up until her breaking point throughout her experience. Through these words however, it shows the purity, innocence, and true kindness that she had in her heart and in her soul, as Douglass could have simply stated that â€Å"she was kind†, yet he took it to a much greater extent to show the true meaning behind her as a person. By using rhetorical strategies which form such a impactful, influential, and real effect on the readers, Douglass continuously shows the life lasting, and changing effects slavery had on everyone involved in the process, rather than just the slaves. Also, it shows that it doesn’t just change someone’s life and their views, yet it changes who they are as a person overall. Thus, making it extremely hard for readers to imagine how cruel times were in the past, which pulls on their heart and makes them much more grateful for the life they are given now. It can evoke an emotional response, as many don’t truly understand just how impactful and horrific this time was, yet due to the aid from rhetorical strategies, Douglass helps readers better understand this.

Cell Phones in the Classroom Keep Them Banned, or...

Cell phones are quickly becoming a child and teenager’s new best friend. In fact, they even seem to be replacing human contact, and are now how both children and teenagers communicate with each other. Cell phone sales have sky rocketed at an alarming rate, and many of the consumers are under the age of 18, meaning they are still in elementary and high school. Society has influenced students to feel that they need to own a cell phone to be â€Å"cool†, thus making the issue of cell phones in the classroom society context vs. students (area 13). Cell phones have now begun to be a large distraction in the classroom, and are the newest item that many schools have had to implement a policy for; many of these policies simply ban the use of cell†¦show more content†¦Keeping this in mind, is it possible that allowing a student to have a cell phone in class, thus alleviating the feeling of anxiousness, could potentially make a student less distracted then by them ac tually using the cell phone? Privacy has always been an issue in classrooms, but now with more and more students having access to a cell phone with a camera built in, these issues are becoming more apparent and with a greater intensity. Cell phones with a camera, also known as a â€Å"camera phone†, provide students with an opportunity to quickly send an incriminating or embarrassing photo to a vast number of people in a short period of time. This is not just a concern for teacher’s privacy, but it is also a concern regarding bullying; students now have access to an entirely new form of bullying by sending pictures or texts to the person that is being bulled. Privacy issues are inevitable, and will always be a problem in a school setting; therefore, privacy cannot be the sole reason to ban cell phones from school. If people were to stop and take into consideration the potentially positive effects of having a cell phone in the classroom, the ban on cell phones may not have been put into effect so quickly. Expanding on the ideas of Vicki Davis, a teacher who blogs regularly, cell phones can be used positively in the classroom. Cell phones can allow students to be more organized; every cell phone has a calendar option in which students would be able to writeShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Cell Phones In The Classroom1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of cell phones in the classroom is an immensely debated topic. Researchers and professors have done research and conducted experiments to decide if having technology in the classroom is beneficial or simply a distraction. Many school’s policies on the use of technology vary depending on the type of education system. The statistics given based on whether cell phone use is permitted at school is oftentimes used to support one side of the argument. 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Essay on Quantitative And Qualitative Research On Research Essay Example For Students

Essay on Quantitative And Qualitative Research On Research Essay Quantitative and Qualitative Research aims at establishing new information. It is a systematic approach of collecting and interpreting information aimed at improving the knowledge base (Suanders et al: 2009, p 5). Research strategy implies a broad orientation as to how to conduct any research. According to Creswell 2004(cited in Duffy Chenail: 2008), research could be classified into quantitative research and qualitative research. At its simplest form, the former transforms human encounters into numbers while the latter transforms such experiences into words. However the difference between quantitative and qualitative research are more pronounced than just correlating to quantification. They can symbolize two discrete forms of research strategy based on the association between the theory and research, epistemological and ontological orientations. Epistemology refers to what should be considered as â€Å"acceptable knowledge† for a speciality and whether the social sciences could be researched applying the same doctrines and processes as the natural science. (Bryman Bell: 2011, p. 15), while ontology refers to the nature of existence based on the researcher’s perceptions of how the world functions and the commitment to these perspectives (Suanders et al: 2009, p 110). Quantitative research strategy emphasises on collecting and analysing numerical data using statistically valid systems which would generate measurable and if possible generalizable inferences (Anderson: 2009, p. 45). Furthermore this research demonstrates a deductive tactic to the association between theory and research. In deductive approach, a hypothesis/ hypotheses would be generated based on the association between a particular domain and the constituted theory w. .terparts. Core differences b/n the articles Research design and data collectionThe research design employed by Jacoby et al (2005) and Woywode (2002) is a comparative cross-national study. Comparative research design could support both quantitative and qualitative research. In the former, the study would involve examining specific phenomena between two or more entities and the related variables to compare their outcomes in diverse sociocultural situations using similar research methods amongst two or more countries. The purpose of such a study is to probe into similarities and dissimilarities or to establish in-depth knowledge of the social representativeness in different national settings. Here cross-sectional design format would be employed to collect data using questionnaire or structured interview. The qualitative strategy in comparative design would involve

Was the 5th Century BCE a Golden Age for Athens Essay Example For Students

Was the 5th Century BCE a Golden Age for Athens? Essay subject = History 209 (Ancient Greek History)title = Was the 5th CenturyBCE a Golden Age for Athens?The5th century BCE was a period of great development in Ancient Greece, and specificallyin Athens. The development of so many cultural achievements within Athensand the Athenian Empire has led scholars to deem this period a Golden Age.It is true that his period had many achievements, but in the light of theAthenians treatment of women, metics (non-Athenians living in Athens), andslaves it is given to question whether or not the period can truly be calledGolden.The 5th century and the Athenian Empire gave birth to an amazingamount of accomplishments. One such accomplishment was the minting of standardAthenian coins that were used throughout the Athenian holdings as valid fortrade. The use of standard Athenian-minted coins helped the Athenians establishand maintain control over their empire by helping to control trade and theeconomy of the area to the Athenians benefit. We will write a custom essay on Was the 5th Century BCE a Golden Age for Athens? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Since Athens regularly receivedtribute from the states it controlled, Pericles, the leader of Athens, begana building project in Athens that was legendary. Athens had been sacked bythe Persians during the Persian Wars and Pericles set out to rebuild the city. The citys walls had already been rebuilt right after the end of the secondPersian War so Pericles rebuilt temples, public grounds, and other impressivestructures. One of the most famous structures to result from Pericles buildingproject was the Parthenon. The Parthenon and other such structures re-establishedAthenss glory and while some Athenians criticized the projects as too lavish,most Athenians enjoyed the benefits of the program. A major benefit to theAthenian people was that there was an abundance of work in the polis. The5th century BCE was also an important time for Athenian thought. Sophists,paid teachers, taught rhetoric amongst other subjects to wealthy Athenian citizens. The Sophists were criticized by Athenians who thought that Sophists were destroyingGreek tradition by emphasizing rationalism over a belief in superstition, howeverit was this rationalism that became so important to Greek philosophers suchas Socrates and Plato, both who belonged to the 5th century BCE. The Sophistshigh regard for rhetoric was later of great use to citizen addressing the Assemblyin the developing Athenian democracy. Athenian democracy is perhaps consideredthe crowning achievement of the 5th century BCE. Democracy grew out of thestatus that poorer Athenians were gaining as rowers for the ships of the largeAthenian fleet. Since these poorer Athenians now played a large part in theAthenian military, they ga8ined more say in the Athenian government. Thisled to a democratic government where every male citizen over 18 years waseligible to attend and vote in the Assembly, which made all the important decisionsof Athens in the 5th century BC (Demand 223). This democratic governmentis considered by some scholars to show the full enlightenment of the Atheniansin the 5th century BCE. This glorious enlightenment seems somehow less enlightening,however, when one views this period from other than a male Athenians eyes. Athenian enlightenment and democracy was by and for male citizens. The underprivilegedof Athens included women, metics and slaves. The position of Athenian wivesin Athenian society is clearly stated by Xenephon in his Oeconomicus. Ischomacus,a young husband, is conversing with Socrates about the duties of husband andwife. Ischomacus relates how he explained to his wife that the duties neededto support a household consisted of indoor and outdoor activities. Hethen explains to his wife, And since labor and diligence are required bothindoors and outdoorsit seems to me that the god prepared the womans natureespecially for indoor jobs and cares and the mans nature for outdoor jobsand concerns. (Spyridakis 206). This is the general attitude that Atheniansheld toward their wives. The Athenian wife was expected to marry and bringa dowry into her husbands house. Although this dowry was attached to thewoman, she was in no way allowed to control the lands and moneys she mightbring to her husband.. Similarly, women were not allowed to vote or take anypart in the Assembly, being seen as unfit for this privilege. The primaryf unction of a citizens wife was to take care of domestic affairs and providethe citizen with an heir. Athenian wives were rarely seen outside of theirhouses, for respectable wives had at least one slave who would purchase neededitems at market. Poorer Athenian women were seen at market because they lackedslaves to run their errands. Women were considered intellectual non-entitiesand were treated as such in the Athenian Empire. .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 , .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 .postImageUrl , .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 , .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096:hover , .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096:visited , .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096:active { border:0!important; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096:active , .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096 .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ca38f2501e5f48fbf4c85197c654096:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In the summer of 1969, not everyone was at Woodsto EssayMetics also had a low statusin Athenian society. Metics were not allowed voting privileges in the Atheniandemocracy, but were compulsed to serve a specified time in the Athenian militaryand were taxed by the Athenians. Metics usually were lower-class tradesmenor craftsmen. Although some metics families eventually gained wealth, thevast majority of the metics remained second-class inhabitants of Athens, eventhough they performed some of the polis most activities, such as militaryservice and trade. Slavery was also matter-of -fact in 5th century Athenianlife. Slaves were the property of specific owners and subject to the wishesof their owners. Like women and metics, slaves had no citizenship rights. It was possible for a slave to save enough money to buy his freedom, but afreed slave had only as much status as a metic. Aristotle defended slaveryas necessary and a law of nature, saying in his Politics, That some shouldrule and others should be ruled is not only necessary but expedient; indeed,from the very moment of birth some are set apart to obey and others to command.(Spyridakis 62) and also stating that, He is by nature a slave who is capableof belonging to another (and therefore does belong to another) and who hasaccess to reason in that he senses it and understands it but does not possessit. (Spyridakis 63). Many Athenians viewed slavery as necessary to societyin order to give a citizen more time to participate in government affairs andother matters that were viewed as more important than a slaves work. Althoughsome lower-class Athenians may have been forced to share labor with slaves,most Athenians did not participate in slaves work. Male slaves did harderlabor such as con struction and agriculture. Female slaves ran their mistresserrands and generally took care of domestic affairs under the watchful eyeof their mistress. Slaves also acted as State scribes. In short, slaves didmuch of the work that allowed Athens to prosper in a period of enlightenment.Inlight of the unrecognized people who helped to build the foundations for theAthenian Empire, this Golden Age seem far less golden. However, many majoraccomplishments grew out of this period as well. Before one can or cannotplace a Golden Age label on 5th century Athens, one must consider other timeswhen the ends of mans accomplishments may not have justified the means. Athenscould be compared to post- Revolutionary America, where a democratic governmentwas only available to white male citizens. Yet Americans tend to view thistime with much patriotism and pride. Likewise the Industrial Revolution issaid to be a great accomplishment of mankind, but little recognition is givento the horrible factory cond itions that employees, many women and children,endured. I would say that the 5th century BCE was as much a Golden Age forman as either of the above mentioned time periods. I think that most of ouraccomplishments as humans rest on the shoulders of invisible and overlookedpeoples. Works CitedDemand, Nancy. A History of Ancient Greece. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1996. Spyridakis, Stylianos V. and Bradley P. Nystrom,eds., trans. Ancient Greece: Documantary Perspectives. Dubuque: Kendall-Hunt,1985.

Sierra Leone and South Africa Essay Example

Sierra Leone and South Africa Essay Example Sierra Leone and South Africa Essay Sierra Leone and South Africa Essay There is no doubt on the potential of the diamond industry to provide benefits and elevate economic and social status of Sierra Leone and South Africa. However, just like in any other industries, problems arise. Perhaps the greatest problem the diamond industry faced was the issue on conflict diamonds. Conflict diamonds started in the war in Angola in 1992. Jonas Savimbi, the leader of UNITA or Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola, focused his attention to the vast diamond fields of Angola to find new ways to finance his army and expand his smuggling business (The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists 4).By 1993, Savimbi had the largest diamond smuggling network in the world. And among his associates was South Africa’s De Decker Diamonds, a company that admitted selling diamonds to De Beers. This pattern of laundering diamonds was replicated in other countries especially Sierra Leone (Diamond Facts. Org, The Facts). In 1998, because of the brutal conflict in Sierra Leone, the United Nations started investigating about conflict diamonds and the UN Security Council began imposing sanctions on diamond transactions of countries in conflict.This brought the attention of the global diamond community to the issue of conflict diamonds (ICIJ 4). In 2000, Global Witness, a nongovernmental organization based in London, introduced the term blood diamond to further highlight the issue on conflict diamonds (ICIJ 4). Meanwhile, South Africa initiated the Kimberly Process, a certification scheme to stop the flow of conflict diamonds, in response to the highlighted attention on conflict diamonds and also to protect the country’s diamond industry (ICIJ 5).The issue took on greater implications when, in 2001, media reports provided evidences connecting conflict diamonds to the Al Qaeda attack on the United States (ICIJ 4). Because of the extent and magnitude covered by the issue on conflict diamonds, efforts to control and eliminate this problem through the Kimberly Process required the cooperation of not only South Africa but the entire global community. The United Nations, the international diamond industry and nongovernmental organizations including Partnership Africa Canada, Amnesty International and Global Witness were among the participants.For the first time, a global industry joined forces with governments, the United Nations, and social organizations to deal with a humanitarian issue (Diamond Facts. Org, The Facts). The Kimberly Process was initiated in May 2000. By December 2000, a unanimous vote by all the members of the United Nations General Assembly to support the Kimberly process was passed (ICIJ 4). By January 2003, the K imberly Process Certification Scheme was accepted and made into national law by 52 governments.As of August 2007, membership of the Kimberly Process totaled 74 countries, including Sierra Leone, thus guaranteeing a 99% conflict-free global rough diamond production (Diamond Facts. Org, The Facts). The Kimberly Process presented an international structure where diamonds’ origins are identified and recorded under the backing of the World Diamond Council (ICIJ 5). Rough diamonds crossing international border must come with a government-validated Kimberly Process Certificate and should be enclosed in tamper-resistant containers.Every certificate should be resistant to faking, uniquely numbered and must contain description of shipment contents. Only members of the Kimberly Process are allowed to import and export rough diamonds and should exclusively deal Kimberly-certified diamonds. Contents of the shipment should be checked with the Kimberly Certificate by the importing countryâ €™s customs. It is illegal to export or import uncertified rough diamonds. Confiscation or rejection of parcels and possibly criminal case will be imposed to violators of the procedures (Rapaport 4).The success of the Kimberly Process will be gauged not only on how many of the conflict diamonds are prevented from moving into the international market but also in its effectiveness in checking the proliferation of conflict diamonds from the source of the diamonds itself. In South Africa, though this country was never implicated in the production of conflict diamonds, there were rumors in 2002 that the country was a major laundering center for illicit diamonds especially in Kimberly. This was largely due to sudden resurgence of new diamond discoveries in areas already regarded for years as dry in terms of diamond production.Local diggers suddenly started turning up harvests comparable to a small mine’s production where it used to have only a few carats a month (International Consortium of Investigative Journalists 1). Another reason why the rumor came up was the relative ease by which diamonds were dealt with in the Kimberly Diamond Exchange. Simple invoices were considered adequate for dealers to sell diamonds. No consideration for the origin of the diamond was needed to deal the precious stone. As long as dealers supplying diamonds to the Kimberly Diamond Exchange provide invoices, it is considered legal.Added to this predicament is the difficulty in proving or disproving the origin of the diamond. Although investigations were conducted in Kimberly, there have been no charges filed against anyone dealing in conflict diamonds (ICIJ 2). Possibly the most efficient fuel for the rumor is the government regulatory board’s ineptness to do their duty resulting to laundering of illicit diamonds (ICIJ 3). Monitoring and regulating South Africa’s diamond mining and exportation is supposed to be the South African Diamond Board’s responsibili ty (ICIJ 3).The board neglected their duties when Chris Potgeiter, a shareholder and main contributor in the De Beers exchange Center, declared diamond sales worth $40 million from areas bought from De Beers in 1997. But the areas in question contained no such wealth as described from De Beers’ prospecting notes (ICIJ 3). In Addition, during the period from 1999 to 2001, there were reports that diamond buyers or bourses dealt $360 to $490 million worth of diamonds to the United States. But those diamonds were not examined by the South African Diamond Board which suggested that illicit diamonds were being laundered through the bourse (ICIJ 7).Where diamond authorities were concerned, more often than not, De Beers was most likely connected with the actions of the agencies concerned because of its status in the diamond industry. It is common knowledge that De Beers was the sole entity that started the diamond industry in South Africa. Its influence grew as the industry expanded through time. People in key positions in South African diamond institutions were most likely have direct or indirect link to De Beers. For this reason, doubts emerged whether De Beers was honest on its claim that the company was never touched by conflict diamonds (ICIJ 5).Among the arguments presented, the most intriguing was the cozy relationship between the South African Diamond Board and De Beers. The members of the board and head of various committees were close to the company (ICIJ 8). Allegedly, De Beers used their political influence for the benefit of the company. Benny Steinmetz, one of the most favored sightholders or the elite dealers of De Beers, was influential in South African politics. Steinmetz had connections with South African member of Congress Tokyo Sexwale who, in turn, was a business partner of De Beers (ICIJ 6).Other circumstances that questioned the integrity of De Beers were focused on the diamonds that De Beers purchased from Angola during this country†™s war until its end in 1998 (ICIJ 6). De Beers’ obscured operating procedures made it almost impossible to determine that source of diamond once these diamonds were mixed in its vault and thus made the allegation impossible to prove (ICIJ 6). When the Kimberly process was formed, it was headed by Abbey Chikane of the South African Diamond Board. Chikane had a close relationship with De Beers (ICIJ 8).Because of this situation, speculations on De Beers’ real motives in being active in the Kimberly process erupted. The general assumption was that De Beers was using the Kimberly process to secure hold on the diamond industry because of the growing competition (ICIJ 7). Moreover, the report of the General Accounting Office, the investigative arm of the US Congress, that the Kimberly process was essentially flawed, provided further doubt on the effectiveness of the Kimberly Process to address the problem of conflict diamonds (ICIJ 5).

The Many Ways to Use Spanish Bajo in a Sentence

The Many Ways to Use Spanish Bajo in a Sentence Bajo is a common Spanish preposition, adjective, and adverb that means being low in some way, either figuratively or literally or under something. Also,  bajo  is used in common idioms  usually as a preposition. Bajo Used as an Adjective As an adjective, common translations include low or short, and bajo can also be used to indicate contemptibility or lack of intensity. Spanish Sentence English Translation Mi prima es baja para su edad. My cousin is short for her age. No es necesario tratar esta enfermedad de bajo riesgo con quimioterapia. It is not necessary to treat this low-risk illness with chemotherapy. El valle bajo es rico en historia. The low valley is rich in history. Tenemos problemas de baja calidad de la seà ±al inalmbrica. We have problems with poor quality of the wireless signal. Alberto cayà ³ en los ms bajos pecados durante los dos aà ±os. Alberto fell into the basest sins during the two years. La clase baja sufre las consecuencias de su reforma polà ­tica. The lower class is suffering the consequences of his political reform. Son capaces de los ms bajos actos de violencia. They are capable of the vilest acts of violence. La presià ³n sanguà ­nea baja puede ser un signo de enfermedad. Low blood pressure can be a sign of sickness. Bajo as an Adverb Although more commonly used as an adjective, bajo can be used as an adverb that means quietly or softly. For example, Si  habla  bajo, es  necesario  elevar  volumen  del  micrà ³fono, which means, If you speak softly, you need to turn up the microphone volume. Another way bajo can be used as an adverb is when describing something falling or flying low as in low to the ground. For example, El pjaro  volaba  muy  bajo, which means, The bird was flying very low. Bajo as a Preposition Bajo can serve as a preposition and can almost always be translated as under. Spanish Sentence English Sentence El gato est bajo la cama. The cat is under the bed. La vida bajo el mar es muy difà ­cil. Life undersea is very difficult. Un barco mercante encallà ³ bajo un puente. The merchant ship ran aground under a bridge. Los compresores principales estn bajo el coche. The main compressors are under the car. Correr bajo la lluvia es ms gratificante que hacerlo en seco. Running in the rain is more rewarding than doing it when it's dry. Bajo Used in Idioms or Borrowed Phrases Bajo can also be a preposition with an indefinite meaning when it is used as an idiom or expression. Many of these figurative expressions correspond to similar ones in English, some of which are likely calques. A  calque or  loan translation  is a  word  or  phrase  borrowed from another  language  by  literal, word-for-word translation. Spanish Expression English Translation bajo arresto under arrest bajo circunstancias normales under normal circumstances bajo condicià ³n de que under condition that bajo construccià ³n under construction bajo control under control bajo cubierto undercover bajo fianza on bail bajo la influencia under the influence bajo investigacià ³n under investigation bajo juramento under oath bajo la mesa under the table bajo ningà ºn concepto in no conceivable way bajo palabra on parole bajo peso underweight bajo presià ³n under pressure bajo protesta under protest Words Related to Bajo Bajar, is a related verb to bajo, which often means to lower or to get down. Related adverbs are abajo and debajo, which often mean underneath, or down there.

My target audiences are students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My target audiences are students - Essay Example Audience-subject relationship I think my audiences probably know that texting is distracting, but they think they can handle it anyway. They do not know how distracting texting might be and how it can impair their ability to think and act while driving. I expect my audience to be open to learning more about the effects of texting, but they must be persuaded through logic and emotions to improve their awareness about the harms of this practice so that they can change their texting-while-driving mindset and behaviors. Audience-writer relationship I want to build a strong relationship with my audience because I am part of them and I want them to trust me. They can trust me if they see that I approach the subject with balanced rationality and emotionality. I want to be seen as a credible source of information that they can trust because I truly care for their welfare. I want to come across as a communicator of expert and real-life opinions and insights on this matter. Text and Drive at Y our Own Risk: The Perils of Texting while Driving Vehicular accidents are the leading cause of death among young drivers. Drivers with ages of 15 to 20 years old compose only 6% of all drivers in the United States, but they are involved in 19% of all crashes (West et al., 2011, p.37). The youth nowadays are highly proficient in multitasking, including texting while doing other activities, and many think that they can easily text and drive (Hosansky, 2012, p.405). Those who already text and drive and have not yet experienced any accidents increase their belief that they can text and drive without serious difficulty. This paper synthesizes the opinions and findings of different stakeholders, specifically victims and their families, citizens, government agencies, telecommunication service providers, researchers, and the media. Stakeholders agreed on the negative effects of texting while driving because of the prevalence of primary and secondary sources that provide evidence that suppor t the latter, but they disagreed on the effectiveness and usefulness of bans on this practice because of differences in arguments about cause and effect and differences in the importance placed on values and interests. Stakeholders agreed that texting while driving directly affects the welfare of drivers, especially the youth, because they all value human life and confirm that driving impacts driving abilities. They have similarities in their values, where human life is more important than individual freedoms. Agency Group 06 (2012) focused on the view of the government on how vehicular accidents can be reduced. It interviewed government officials, all of which value life and have responsibilities in ensuring public safety and quality life. Agency Group 06 (2012) reported the active participation of U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray Lahood in promoting bans against texting while driving. Because of his responsibility for the safety of drivers and commuters, Lahood lobbies for safe d riving practices and supports texting-while-driving bans, one of which was applied in Ohio (Agency Group 06, 2012). He emphasizes the importance of human life over the freedom to do anything inside one’s car and calls the attention of young drivers who are mostly affected by the harmful texting-while-dri

Women suffrage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women suffrage - Essay Example In the capacity of the mainstream organization of the movement, NAWSA helped women obtain voting rights by waging state-by-state campaigns. Women that played a pivotal role in the women’s suffrage movement included but were not limited to Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony. Under their leadership, the suffragists lobbied Congress to make amendment to the constitution so that women could be enfranchised. Susan B. Anthony wrote the federal woman suffrage amendment. Congress introduced the federal woman suffrage amendment in 1878. In 1919, the Senate and the House of Representatives passed the federal woman suffrage amendment, which was then forwarded for ratification to the states. As a result of the women’s suffrage movement, â€Å"Nineteenth Amendment gives women the vote† in 1920 (Henretta, 2009). In the same year, the Womens Bureau of the Department of Labor was established for the safeguard of working

The development of new reproductive technologies Essay Example for Free

The development of new reproductive technologies Essay Explain some of the religious and moral issues relevant to the development of new reproductive technologies. [35] The development of new reproductive technologies have revolutionised the way society views infertility. However, many object to methods such as IVF, cloning, ICSI and PGD for moral and religious reasons. In examining these issues, a good place to start is IVF. IVF – in vitro fertilisation – is one of the most commonly used reproductive technologies. This method bypasses the need for intercourse to conceive; embryos are instead created in a lab and implanted into a mother. It can either use gametes from two parents, or in the case of a homosexual couple some of the material will be donated. From a human-rights perspective everyone has the right to a family life, which some interpret to mean a right to IVF. However, even from a purely secular point of view there are moral problems with IVF. For example, the new ICSI method bypasses many of the bodys natural defences for weeding out unfit sperm and therefore the child is at a higher risk of genetic abnormalities. Additionally, some feminists view reproductive technology with suspicion. Feminists refer to a `pro-natalist ideology prevalent in Western society, whereby women are encouraged to believe that their fulfilment and happiness depends upon their being able to bear children. They fear women may be coerced into IVF. The main issue that Christians would have with IVF is that many embryos are created and then destroyed. More embryos are produced in order to increase the chances of successful implantation, but in the UK you cannot use more than two embryos per IVF cycle. This creates spare embryos that are discarded, experimented upon or frozen for later use. The majority of Christians believe that life and personhood are intertwined, and both begin at conception. Christians believe in the sanctity of life, meaning that all human life is created in God’s image and has intrinsic worth. The most important verse they turn to is part of the Decalogue: â€Å"do not kill.† Moreover, Psalm 139 says, â€Å"you knit me together in my mother’s womb.† Therefore the discarding of spare embryos is murder of an innocent life. As with any issue, denominational opinions differ. The Roman Catholic Church defends traditional family structures and view IVF as unnatural. They published a document in 1987called Respect for Human Life in its Origin and the Dignity of Procreation. This emphasised the principles concerning the sanctity of life laid down much earlier in the Papal Encyclical, Humanae Vitae of 1968. In summary it claimed that children were a gift from God and not a commodity, and the proper place for children is within marriage. The church has expressed fears that IVF trivialises intercourse. Protestant churches tend to take a more lenient view. For example, the Free Presbyterian Church accepts IVF provided that the couple are married, spare embryos are not created and no donors are used. Both the Methodist Church and the Church of England are quite positive about all forms of IVF and even permit research on spare embryos up to 14 days old because it can be of great help to doctors researching genetic diseases, although embryos should not be created solely for this purpose. Other more drastic forms of reproductive technology pose a bigger problem for the churches. The successful cloning of Dolly the Sheep opened up a debate on the potential of human cloning and saviour siblings. Reproductive cloning would devalue individuality and result in negative psychological effects in the cloned person. Cloned animals tend to have a shorter lifespan and there is a genuine fear that a sub-class of humans could be produced in order for their organs to be harvested. This commodification of life sounds like science fiction, but according to Paul Ramsey it is a real threat. Cloning also removes the need for a male. In the case of Dolly, she had three ‘mothers’: one provided the egg, another the DNA and a third carried the cloned embryo to term. The embryo was given an electric shock in order to begin the division process. For Christians this disrupts God’s design for reproduction and parenthood. The only form of cloning that some churches would permit is therapeutic cloning, when a person’s stem cells can be used to produce organs that are an exact match. Mary Seller, a member of the Church of Englands Board of Social Responsibility, states, Cloning, like all science, must be used responsibly. Cloning humans is not desirable.† Furthermore, another key form of reproductive technology is PGD pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. This process can eliminate genetic diseases by selection (negative therapy) and can also alter the genes to ‘improve’ an embryo (positive therapy). It can be used to prevent suffering for both the child and parents. Moral objects are raised because, just like IVF, negative therapy involves fertilising several embryos with the intent of destroying those with the disease. This is dehumanising to disabled people, because it suggests that society would be better off without them. Positive therapy takes it to another level, and could result in a class of humans that are genetically modified for maximum health, intelligence and appearance. This destroys individualism and Christians refer to it as, â€Å"playing God.† According to the Free Presbyterian Church, â€Å"remember that each time cells are harvested for the treatment of someone who is sick, a new and sacred lif e is callously ended.† Moving on, reproductive technology can be evaluated according to traditional ethical principles. Starting with Utilitarianism, Patrick Steptoe is quoted as stating that It is a fact that there is a biological desire to reproduce.† If this is the case, then the maximum amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people will be achieved if they are able to reproduce, even if they need IVF or other interventions. Since successful IVF treatment will bring an enormous amount of happiness utilitarians are in agreement with such treatments. In the case of an infertile couple the utilitarian will look at the options available and strive towards to goal of conception. Likewise, if PGD and cloning can help alleviate human suffering it will be supported by utilitarians. Situation ethics bases the morality of an action on the circumstances that surround it. The only underlying principle is that we should always choose the most loving course of action, and there is no absolute morality. Whether an infertile couple should have access to IVF is based entirely on their individual situation. Natural law, on the other hand, is not so accepting. It is similar to the view the Roman Catholic Church takes. IVF and other technologies are unnatural and therefore immoral. Some criticise this theory because they claim that it is no more unnatural then the countless other forms of human intervention such as when we have an operation. Ultimately, reproductive technology causes us to rethink our views on family, marriage, sex and what makes a mother. Regardless of their views, Christians should be compassionate towards those suffering from the effects of infertility. You cannot understand their situation unless you have experienced it personally.

Marxian Theory versus Weberian Theory Essay example -- Politics Politi

Marxian Theory versus Weberian Theory Karl Marx and Max Weber both offer valid approaches to social class in modern capitalist society, though there are very different from each other. The capitalist society is a type of society in which the private ownership of the ‘means of production’ is the dominant form of providing the things needed to survive. What distinguishes capitalism from other types of society is the emphasis on the rights of property and the individual owner’s right to employ capital, as she or he thinks fit. Karl Marx’s approach was, at first, the most convincing theory of social class. However the Neo-Marxists (the later generation Marxists) have developed the same ideas but in different ways. So today there is no single Marxian viewpoint. Marx believed that economic processes are of great importance in society, such as the harnessing of natural resources, producing goods, developing new technologies and establishing a division of labour in the workforce. These are important because in order for these things to happen, people in society have to come together. Therefore they enter into social class relationships. Social classes came about when society developed a more specialised division of labour and introduced private property. Marx argued that under capitalism there are two major classes: 1. The Bourgeoisie (capitalists) 2. The Proletariat (the workers) These two classes are defined by their relationships to productive resources, such as land, factories, machinery, raw materials etc. these are known as ‘means of production’. The Bourgeoisie is the owner of the ‘means of production’. Therefore they have a much higher and more powerful economic position in society. Workers can only live by... ...gist suggest that the main difference is that the Marxians view class relationships as grounded in exploitation and domination within means of production while Weberians see classes coming from positions in the market. Marxians believe that social class is based on the means of production, but Weberians think that power and status matter more. Marxians have 2 main classes and Weberians have a much more complicated class system. So, in conclusion the Marxians believe social class in modern society is based on ownership of means of production and the two-class model. Weberians think that social class in modern society depends on the positions in the market place, which has many more classes. Both Marxian and Weberian theories are very good and I think they are theoretically correct to a certain extent. However no one will know for sure who has the best theory.

Two Neighborhoods

We'd make casual small conversation on Saturday mornings when no one had to work and we watched the kids play. We'd also go to the pool In the summer as another way for conversation and fun for everyone. Another good thing about that neighborhood was that it was in such a convenient location. My family and I were within walking distance from my high school, local gyms, flea markets and more. I was able to walk to any of these places whenever I wanted. Unfortunately, this all changed when my parents told my two younger brothers and me that we had to downgrade and move bout give minutes away.Originally I thought to myself, â€Å"that's not too bad†, but my thought was devastatingly wrong. Overtime I would figure this out. In this neighborhood I found that my ex-boyfriend lives one short block over from mine. Seeing him every morning on the bus to school was never the highlight of my day. Then, just when I thought I'd have a relief, summer came around. Of course, we both wanted t o be at the neighborhood pool all the time, so it was like I couldn't escape from him. Not only that disappoints me about this neighborhood, but also, we have to made as many friends in this neighborhood as the previous one.People just aren't as friendly and neighborly. People in this neighborhood hardly ever speak to one another. Also, this neighborhood, opposite to the one before, is farther away from all the attractions. I hate to be a complainer but the first neighborhood was just much better. That neighborhood is the opposite of this one and would easily be titled the best one my family and I have lived in since living in Charlotte NC. By Tiaras It was the year of 2007 that my family and I moved to our first house in Blatantly.In friendships with our other neighbors in that neighborhood. Everyone was so friendly amongst one another. We'd all show common curtsey and wave to those we'd see. And we watched the kids play. We'd also go to the pool in the summer as another way any of these places whenever I wanted. Unfortunately, this all changed when my Then, Just when I thought I'd have a relief, summer came around. Of course, we both not made as many friends in this neighborhood as the previous one. People Just from all the attractions. I hate to be a complainer but the first neighborhood was Just

Assess the Importance of Employability

Assess the importance of employability, and personal skills in the recruitment and retention of staff in a selected organisation. Introduction In this task, I’m a going to talk about the importance Importance of employability is to refer a person’s capability for gaining and maintaining employment. For personalities, employability depends on the knowledge, skills and abilities they possess, the way they present those assets to employers, and the context e. g. ersonal conditions and labour market environment within which they seek work. As such employability is affected by both supply side and demand side factors which are often outside of an individual's control. This will make Burger King Employment much better by giving out these particular things. Suitable qualifications: Knowledge and skills that a candidate must have to be eligible for the job. Burger king will require candidates to have good qualifications, so they’re can upper come the duties and position at the job.Certain qualifications such as GCSE, degrees, diploma and training courses having the ability to speak another language terms that would otherwise be interpreted broadly. They don’t have a suitable qualification to work at burger king because it isn't really important to the company just that they need to have Maths and English. Without these qualification employers cannot employ Experience in a similar role: All candidates must have an experience in another fast food retailer E. g. Mac Donald's, so that burger king can know if that person is good enough for the job.They must have experience in a similar role to what they did in Mac Donald's, dealing with customers keeping the cooking area clean. (Asses) Knowledge of products/services: Burger King Employers must have knowledge of the products, because that can mean more sales. It will be difficult to sell to consumers if Burger King couldn’t show how a particular product would address to a customer needs. So Burger King Employers will need to have good communication skills, having an understanding of the products to use different techniques and methods for presenting the product to customers. (Asses)

Riordan Manufacturing †Hardware and Software Essays

Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Essays Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Essay Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Essay Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Introduction One of the top priorities at Riordan and many other businesses is guarding against loss, theft, and waste of the company assets. According to Bagranoff, Simkin Strand protecting these assets means an organization must focus on developing and implementing an internal control system. Further, the internal control system must also be capable of performing other functions like assisting in ensuring data processing is dependable and encouraging operational efficiency within the business (2008, p. 40). This paper will initially identify the hardware and software necessary to integrate the conversion cycle into an automated system at Riordan. Then, the information that needs to be shared between the different cycles and who will need access to this information will be discussed. Next, what controls need to be in place and the types of reports that need to be generated will be examined. Lastly, what in formation should be available through Internet and corporate intranet will be discussed. Hardware and Software Necessary The essential key to the integration of the conversion cycle is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System. ERP is a way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into a single system. Usually ERP systems will have many components including hardware and software, in order to achieve integration, however, most ERP systems use a unified database to store data for various functions found throughout the organization (techfaq, 2008). Todays ERP systems can cover a wide range of functions and integrate these functions into one unified database. For instance, functions such as human resources, supply chain management, customer relations management, financials, manufacturing functions and warehouse management functions were all once stand alone software applications. These functions were usually housed with their own database and network. Today, they can all fit under one umbrella the ERP system (techfaq, 2008). Shared Information The information that needs to be shared between departments at Riordan Manufacturing is purchase orders, invoices, work orders, customer orders and customer billing. Many different departments of Riordan will need access to various levels of the new system. For example, the research and marketing supervisor will need access to the system to confirm what supplies production has on hand and what supplies still need to be obtained. The product department supervisor needs access to the system to keep oversee labor, supplies, budget and deliveries. The workers in production need system access to input supplies used, output produced and quantity of hours spent on producing a product. The billing department needs system access to charge costs to the proper department. The President, CEO, COO, and CFO need system access to view the entire system, from month end reports down to payment reports (Moss and Stine, 1993). Although, normally there is no requirement for upper and middle level management to examine the lower level reports, questions periodically arise from the monthly and annual reports that require investigation. During these occurrences management will use date gathered from various sources like inventory and labor reports. Controls To integrate the accounts receivable process into an automated system for Riordan Manufacturing, management needs to reduce the likelihood of risks happening in the future. To reduce the risk, management should identify possible events that represent a problem to the firm then determine the appropriate internal controls to implement to deter those problems from occurring (Dunn, Cherrington Hollander, 2004). â€Å"Internal control describes the policies, plans, and procedures implemented by a firm to protect its assets† (Bagranoff, Simkin Strand, 2008, p. 40). Three types of controls that need to be operational for the business to reduce risk and function optimally are preventive controls, detective controls, and corrective controls. Preventative controls are the initial level of protection an organization implements to discourage problems from occurring. At this level risked are analyzed and solutions are implemented to prevent problems. When the preventive control has faile d a detective control is implemented. This control is designed to uncover an undesired problem that has transpired (Dunn, et al, 2004). The third control is the corrective control, which is designed to restore a system to an approved or last known good state. A company usually establishes corrective controls to remedy problems that are discovered by the detective controls. One advisable procedure that can be implemented for this control is establishing training programs that educate employees about how to use the new automated system that can help them perform their job functions more efficiently and effectively. It is imperative to understand that for the integration, any control strategy has to be tailored to address the risks to objectives that management identifies as unacceptable. The objective should be detecting risks that are materially threatening the goals of the organization and reducing them to the point that management is more willing to accept. Generated Reports The reports that need to be generated in an automated system are customer orders, purchase requisitions, labor requests, and general reports. Customer orders dictate what items are manufactured and what quantities need to be supplied in a specified time frame (Dunn, et al, 2004). At Riordan, purchase requisitions are important because they exhibit the materials that need to be purchased to manufacture customer orders. Labor requests are used to dictate the number of employees needed for each job order as well as the timeframe the job will occur. General reports are used to inform management and other supervisors of the results of inventory expended and labor used to accomplish a job. Internet and Intranet Riordan will have some reports available on the Internet for stockholders and outside interests to access. These reports will include quarterly and annual reports that will be uploaded after being approved by the CFO. This will allow research into the financial standings of Riordan in order to show the financial stability of the company and the strength of the stock holdings. There will also be a corporate intranet available to all internal interests. Most reports will be available on this system in order to keep satellite locations aware of financial decisions and information. The IT department will give different access to the various levels of the company through the use of password protection. As described in the access section above, not all levels will need to view all reports. Conclusion By making one of the top priorities at Riordan guarding against loss, theft, and waste of the company assets, the company enjoys the success in business. Riordan accomplishes this task by focusing on developing and implementing an internal control system that is capable of performing other functions like assisting in ensuring data processing is dependable and encouraging operational efficiency within the business. This paper initially identified the hardware and software necessary to integrate the conversion cycle into an automated system at Riordan. Then, the information that needs to be shared between the different cycles and who will need access to this information was discussed. Next, what controls need to be in place and the types of reports that need to be generated were examined. Lastly, what information should be available through Internet and corporate intranet was discussed. Reference Bagranoff, N. A. , Simkin, M. G. , Strand, C.. Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems (10th ed. ) Wiley, 2008 New York, NY Dunn C. L. , Cherrington J. O. , Hollander A. S. (2004). Enterprise Information Systems: A Pattern- Based Approach, 3e. The McGraw-Hill Companies, copyright 2004. Moss, Jimmy D. , and Bert Stine. Cash Conversion Cycle and Firm Size: A Study of Retail Firms. Managerial Finance. December 1993 Techfaq. (2008). What is ERP? Retrieved August 15, 2008, from techFaq Web site: tech-faq. com/erp. shtml

Timeline of the Andean Cultures of South America

Timeline of the Andean Cultures of South America Archaeologists working in the Andes traditionally divide the cultural development of the Peruvian civilizations into 12 periods, from the Preceramic period (ca 9500 BC) through the Late Horizon and into the Spanish conquest (1534 CE). This sequence was initially created by archaeologists John H. Rowe and Edward Lanning and it was based on the ceramic style and radiocarbon dates from the Ica Valley of the South Coast of Peru, and later extended to the whole region. The Preceramic Period (before 9500–1800 BC), literally, the period before pottery was invented, spans from the first arrival of humans in South America, whose date is still debated, until the first use of ceramic vessels. The following eras of ancient Peru (1800 BC-AD 1534) have been defined by archaeologists using an alternation of so-called â€Å"periods† and â€Å"horizons† which end with the arrival of the Europeans. The term â€Å"Periods† indicates a timeframe in which independent ceramic and art styles were widespread across the region. The term â€Å"Horizons† defines, in contrast, periods in which specific cultural traditions managed to unify the whole region. Preceramic Period Preceramic Period I (before 9500 B.C.E.): First evidence of human occupation of Peru comes from groups of hunters of this tradition are the Chivateros (I) industry and the long and narrow Paijan points. Other important sites are Ushumachay, Telarmachay, Pachamachay.Preceramic Period III (8000–6000 B.C.E.): From this period, it is possible to recognize different cultural tradition, such as the Northwestern Tradition, where the site of Nanchoc dates to ca 6000 BC, the Paijan Tradition, the Central Andean Tradition, whose widespread lithic tradition has been found in many cave sites, such as the famous Lauricocha (I) and Guitarrero caves, and, finally, the Atacama Maritime Tradition, at the border between Peru and Chile, where the Chinchorro culture developed about 7000 years ago. Other important sites are Arenal, Amotope, Chivateros (II). Preceramic Period IV (6000–4200 B.C.E.): The hunting, fishing and foraging traditions developed during the previous periods continue. However, toward the end of this period, a climatic change allows for early plant cultivation. Important sites are Lauricocha (II), Ambo, Siches.Preceramic Period V (4200–2500 B.C.E.): This period corresponds to a relative stabilization of the sea level along with warmer temperatures, especially after 3000 BC. Increase in domesticated plants: squashes, chili peppers, beans, guavas and, most of all, cotton. Important sites are Lauricocha (III), Honda.Preceramic Period VI (2500–1800 B.C.E.): The last of the Preceramic periods is characterized by the emergence of monumental architecture, population increase, and widespread production of textiles. Different cultural traditions are recognizable: in the highlands, the Kotosh tradition, with the sites of Kotosh, La Galgada, Huaricoto, and along the coast, the monumental sites of Caral  S upe / Norte Chico tradition, including Caral, Aspero, Huaca Prieta, El Paraiso, La Paloma, Bandurria, Las Haldas, Piedra Parada. Initial through Late Horizon Initial Period (1800 – 900 B.C.E.): This period is marked by the appearance of pottery. New sites emerge along the coastal valleys, exploiting the rivers for cultivation. Important sites of this period are Caballo Muerto, in the Moche valley, Cerro Sechin and Sechin Alto in the Casma valley; La Florida, in the Rimac valley; Cardal, in the Lurin valley; and Chiripa, in the Titicaca basin.Early Horizon (900 – 200 B.C.E.): The Early Horizon sees the apogee of Chavin de Huantar in the northern highland of Peru and the successive widespread of the Chavin culture and its artistic motifs. In the South, other important sites are Pukara and the famous coastal necropolis of Paracas.Early Intermediate Period (200 B.C.E. –600 C.E.): The Chavin influence wanes by 200 BC and the Early Intermediate period sees the emergence of local traditions like the Moche, and Gallinazo in the north coast, the Lima culture, in the central coast, and Nazca, in the south coast. In the northern highlands, the Marcahuamachuco and Recuay traditions arose. Huarpa tradition flourished in the Ayacucho basin, and in the southern highlands, Tiwanaku arose in the Titicaca basin. The Middle Horizon (600–1000 C.E.): This period is characterized by climatic and environmental changes in the Andean region, brought about by cycles of droughts and El Nià ±o phenomenon. The Moche culture of the north underwent a radical reorganization, with the move of its capital farther north and inland. In the center and south, the Wari society in the highland and Tiwanaku in the Titicaca basin expanded their dominion and cultural traits to the whole region: Wari toward north and Tiwanaku toward the southern zones.The Late Intermediate Period (1000–1476 C.E.): This period is signified by a return to independent polities governing different areas of the region. In the north coast, the Chimà º society with its huge capital Chan Chan. Still on the coast the Chancay, Chincha, Ica, and Chiribaya. In the highland regions, the Chachapoya culture arose in the north. Other important cultural traditions are the Wanka, who opposed a fierce resistance to the first expansion o f the Inca.Late Horizon (1476–1534 C.E.): This period spans from the emergence of the Inca empire, with the expansion of their dominion outside the Cuzco region until the arrival of the Europeans. Among important Inca sites are Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Ollantaytambo.

Video and Music for the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Video and Music for the Internet - Essay Example Bandwidth is very important when trying to determine how much you should allot in order to properly stream video or audio. Bandwidth is important to remember, because it can affect how well your video or audio is transmitted across the internet. For example, if you are trying to move a hour long feature movie across a 56k connection, the amount of bandwidth is uses would be immense, and result in a slow project for the person trying to stream the audio or video. Videos and audio use much more bandwidth than regular internet surfing and web page hosting, so it is important to keep it in mind when designing pages, video, and audio streams for internet use. There are several ways to reduce the bandwidth of your audio or video file. One way would be to zip the file and give the user the option to download it this way instead of streaming it in real time. You also could reduce the size of the video player, which would allow the video to play faster and reduce bandwidth usage. Another way to do this is to multicast the stream, which would allow multiple users to receive the feed at the same time and drastically cut back on the bandwidth usage of the video or audio stream.

Criminal Justice Capstone Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Criminal Justice Capstone - Research Proposal Example This paper explores gun violence, the triggers and ways to curb it. Gun violence is a problem that can be traced to the advent of guns. But unlike ancient aggressive actions of individuals, violence in the current era of sophisticated guns has been more serious and damaging to the victims and the society in general. The influx of firearms in Arkansas has served to offer a more sincere means of threats as well as a faster medium of taking out human life. The initial interaction American society had with guns in the mid-nineteenth century was exceptionally lacklustre (Hogeboom, 2000). The extension of the acquisition of guns to civilians created the unintended result of an effective means of death, especially in states with poor anti-gun laws like Arkansas. The slacken rules of owning a gun without proper license in the state has led to rampant cases of murder in the state (Devi, 2012). The intense measures of violence associated with guns over the years have prompted various actions to be taken in order to minimize the injurious situations that have occurred and continue occurring in the state. Other states, however, have implemented laws that offer exceptionally punitive penalties for unlawful possession of a gun. Task forces that seek to limit the amount of illegal weapons available within the public have also sprouted in the state, but with little if any achievements made so far (Stell, 2004). In light of this, researchers have proposed that further action in the form of tighter legislation should be enacted to limit cases of gun violence in Arkansas (Lot, 2013). However, a major source of contention stems from the Second Amendment, which legalizes gun ownership for security and sporting events (Faria, 2012). This paper explores th e issue of gun violence in Arkansas and proposes strategies that if implemented would curb the problem. The grave issue of gun violence in Arkansas

Term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Term paper - Essay Example Though Liajiaxia Hydroelectric Power Station is producing clean energy, it, ironically, has caused several changes in the ecological system of the Kanbula Forest. This paper aims to provide an exposition about the characteristics of the Kanbula National Park; determine the impact of Lijiaxia Hydro Power Plant on the ecological process within Kanbula National Park and; propose several ways of wildlife and forest management while taking into consideration the present condition of the Kanbula National Park. Introduction A forest ecosystem primarily consists of trees and other naturally growing plants. It also nurtures various types and species of animals. A forest ecosystem, such as the Kanbula Forest, provides people with food, fuel, timber and fiber as well. Most people do not fully recognize the importance of forests in their lives. However, it should be noted that, among other things, forests protect the hydrologic cycle. They also help in climate regulation by basically being natur al sinks of carbon, which is one of the greenhouse gases that harm the planet (Espaldon et al, 2004). Kanbula forest is one of the most diverse forests in China. Huge mountains, covered with trees, extend from the forest. There are deflated hills around the forest that are formed due to erosion from wind and sand. The hills are called red cloud landforms. What is more, other than the huge number of flora and fauna therein, Kanbula forest is also quite rich in natural resources. However, the ecological system of the forest is at risk of destruction due to several issues related to human activity. The primary factor affecting the ecosystem within the forest is the Lijiaxia Hydro Power Plant, which has been causing changes therein from the time of its establishment to the present. These factors have effected changes in the National Forest Park, and these changes have, in turn, affected various wildlife species and their habitat. This includes their numerical depletion in the area from trapping, hunting and human expansion into their habitat. As per Sajise et al, major causes of forest destruction include industrialization, commercialism and weak enforcement of forest laws (1996). This paper will dig deeper into several issues that Kanbula National Park is facing, and how these issues or factors impact the ecological system thereof. Effect of Hydro Power Plant on Ecosystem Hydroelectric Power Plants can also cause destruction to the aquatic ecosystem. The dams along the Pacific and Atlantic course have reduced the fish population especially that of Salmon by preventing the fish to reach breeding grounds upstream (Duncan, Graham-Rowe., 2005). Downstream river environment is also affected thereby; water coming out of the turbine usually contains very little suspended sediment that leads to river scouring and loss of riverbanks and riverbeds. Since turbine gates are cyclically opened, changes in river flow are observed. Water coming out of the turbines is usually war mer than water behind the dam and, thus, the aquatic faunal life is affected. Hydroelectric power plants in tropical regions produce huge amount of methane and carbon dioxide gas. This is because of plant materials in flooded areas that decay due to anaerobic conditions and form methane gas, which is a harmful greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gas emissions from the hydroelectric reservoir may be higher than those of a conventional oil-fired thermal generation plant (Duncan,

How Do You Begin To Count Your Blessings Religion Essay

How Do You Begin To Count Your Blessings Religion Essay We embellish fear, many times covering it up, making it look like something else, so that we dont have to deal with it head on. By giving it a different cover, we can pass over it more readily and not see how it is camouflaged. Fear retains a darkness that we dont want to deal with, a place that we dont want to go, a dwelling that is undeniably uncomfortable. In the light we can speak our truth, in the darkness we can hide not wanting to venture out. The light has all healing powers, but why do we fear it so? Is it that we dont want to face ourselves, face our faults, and look ourselves in the eye? There is no issue in hiding fault, but the issues lie in opening up and facing the truth. So, we may be afraid of the ensuing circumstances, the possibility of rejection of removal or being shunned by family, friends, and society in general. But what comes of that, other than for us to slip back into the shadowy darkness. To suffer, to wallow in self pity, to yearn for a better life. Fear can grip us to the point of unmoveability, to the point of depression, to a feeling of cold and loneliness. We do not have to choose the route of others to be a part of the national alliance. We walk in shadows of other and that is ok as long as it is in the shadows of those who have gone before us and made an impact. But we do not need to walk in the shadow of those who are among us. We need to be strong, become front runners of an age of deliverance, an age that will bind those of us who are of the light. The more light that is spread, the smaller the darkness becomes until it is over powered overtaken. Light heals, darkness deceives. We have the ability to move forward, united, unified in the same thought and power to heal, to create the universe for all mankind to live in, peacefully and without fear of penetration by the dark forces. Our leadership will be from one of the light. But the masses will respond to a momentum created by the forces of light that will move us forward into a new millennium. We are the future of this earth, the keepers of the new way. We will be the teachers for those who do not believe, who have misgivings, who possess fear. Ones ability to see through the darkness, towards the light at the end of the tunnel, will encompass redemption in all of our souls. The masses will move forward, one by one, and then by groups until the flow will excel into a voluminous overthrow of the bitterness and evil of the existing mankind. We will manifest a lifetime of hope and inspiration, pushing back and pushing down, trampling on the darkness of possession, of grief, of solitude of depressiveness. We will embark on a journey to enlighten our souls, to truly understand what it is like to feel the power of love and acceptance. For those who have never felt this before, it will be all consuming, washing over you like a spiritual wind, caressing and subsiding your fears. Be willing to go to the levels it will take to bring forth and expedite this happening. Believe in the goal, believe in yourself. Believe in unity and perseverance. The sins will be washed clear when faith is put into the light. Past transgressions will be forgiven , debts will be paid, understanding will flow inward and truth will be spoken. Love will saturate the world, all will be as one and one will be all. There will no longer be an ongoing for we will live in the preset, in the presence of all that is good, all that is one, all that is beautiful in the light. Know that it may appear difficult at first, because you are unsure, because you are leery. Time and the past darkness have darkened your soul and your thoughts and beliefs. Change will not happen overnight, but just know that it will happen. Just be open to the possibility that life can and will be wonderful. We will remember our purpose, or intention and what we were set on this earth to achieve. The window will be opened and the brilliance will flow into our hearts. We will see the new world as it should be, not as it is. Once we accept our journey and our purpose, we will move forward with remarkable speed to achieve our oneness with the light. We will defy all odds, all obstacles in our path to rise above and blend with those of the same passion. What we create now will be passed on to generations to come. Our children will see the changes and become a part of the new family. Our grandchildren will be born of the light and with these gifts already instilled within them. They will be the children of the new age. The earth will respond, growing and developing more jubilantly and not whiter away. It will balance itself out and discontinue the purging to cleanse itself. We may not understand initially, but our journey is only beginning and it is going to be a wonderful journey. Keep an open mind and allow the new earths creation to seep into your awareness, becoming one with your soul. Go out into the world, into the jobs and the workplace into schools, government and every path of life and harvest the good, the tranquility and peacefulness that we know is ours for the taking. Vanquish the hostility, the inadequacies, the turmoil and look beyond the engrained believes we have been taught to live by. Qualify each person we encounter to be one of the light by your attitude toward them. Smile, share, bless, remove the hate, and rejoice in the light, which you are. Begin with yourself and remove the old self and replace it with the new improved you. When the stresses of the day begin to weight upon your body, inhale deeply and breathe in the light, the quiet, and the calm and become centered. Expel the stress, the negative thoughts, the irrational behaviors, those things that you cannot control. Send love and blessings to those who are the creators of your stress. Look around your surrounds and wish away any negative distractions or events that are occurring. Replace them with good thoughts and feelings of compassion and love. Dispel the resentments and quick response to point out the negativism. Quiet the multitudes by simply sharing the love and the happy thoughts. Believe and know that you are capable of making change happen by your own individual actions and through the words that you speak. Others will become aware and inspired by what they see and hear. This will not happened overnight but through a passage of time and endurance and faith. Like a chain reaction, it will move forward, spiraling outward through each and every person you encounter. Plant the seed of inspiration with everyone you encounter. Show by example. Look within first, the rest will come. The ability to move forward depends on the individuals intent, what they are willing to put forth, what they will do to guarantee their individual benefit from it all. Trust is highly essential to promote this well being and expansion. Reality in each individuals mind transcends all the fear that is stored there. Reality is what ones perception is of the world that we have grown accustomed to, not what is real in a spiritual sense. Adaptation is necessary to transcend the injustices imposed upon us from youth. Our reality is what we have grown accustomed to, what was beat into our minds and bodies throughout a lifetime, regardless of how short or long that life span is. We forgot who we were from the onset, who we were meant to be, who we were sent to be, and what our mission was and is. Our reality shields us from the darkness that we perceive to be there, but does not really exist. We need to quantify and qualify all our beliefs, right or wrong, to equate to one of the light, one o f the true being, one of the true self. History has taught us to be deceptive, to lie, and to cheat in order to get what we need. The reality is truth, seeking the answers that we know are out there, that will make us better individuals, true to ourselves, more than we have ever been. Perception is everything.. What we perceive is hidden in the darkness can only come to light with the reality of learning about the light and its meanings. The hidden secrets of the darkness only shields us from the truth of our own selves, of our own victimization of others, what is hidden, what is intrusive, what is not self supporting. Our goal is to reach into the darkness, draw forth the light that is hidden within, bring it to the surface and ignite it into the reality of truth and awareness. Being one with yourself and others is imperative to truth and reality. Awkward as it may seem, the shift will occur, the light will shine through, the reason and reality will surface, broadening into the daylight and sunlight, advancing forward in retribution of the ills of the past. We cannot continue to be evasive, hindering our progress, We cannot continue to breath stagnant air, living in the cesspool of a stagnant, non progressive lifestyle that we have all grown accustomed to over time. Reality is light, reality is freedom, and reality is the source of true spiritualism within the hearts of all. We cannot continue to be abolished and reprimanded for our faith and beliefs in the one true source. Indignation and self righteousness holds no place in the one who carries the spiritual light from within We atone for our sins as we grow spiritually and with love. The divine presence of God, our light source, our divination, whatever classification we give it, it is the soul of our existence. Matthew once said, it is I who has seen the light, it is I who have sinned and regressed. I come now with full heart and atonement to register my sins and my wrongdoing ,to face a new light, a new chapter in my book of transgressions. What we may believe and perceive as darkness, holds the light from shining through. We must breaks the shackles that hold us close the darkness and not freeing us or allowing us to break into the light of salvation. Forward we must go moving steadfast into a place of redemption.. Forward we must move into a place of no resentment, of no remorse, moving forward wit h love and light. Our blessings come from those who guide us from afar and within our guides or angels or believe that there is a better and more prosperous life waiting for us after we complete our journey on this earth. We consider moving forward and through each chapter of our progression as our time hear on this earth, this planet, this movement in our time span of evolvement. Christ is our savior we are thought to believe and honor. He came by example to show and lead the way. Mother sees and guides us through our times of treachery and tribulation, keeping our reality in check, causing us not to waiver in our times of questioning and despair. Matthew is my guide and shows me the true meaning of my existence. Be aware of the surroundings you live in, eliminate that which does not serve you anymore, physically, mentally and emotionally. Carry forth the blessings that have been bestowed upon you and ease outward and give from within. See the source of the light as it really is, w hat its stands for, what it means and brings to your life. Be real, be yourself, do not allow others to stain of mar what your mission and goals is in this life. Seek answers from within. Go to source of the matter he heart of things. Understanding will come with time, healing will come with the passage and removal of that which no longer works for your own good. Break free, break free from the limiting thoughts and negative cycle that you have been caught up on. Move forward, knowingly and hesitantly, but confidently for God and the source of all that is will be with you, leading the way, holding your hand and guiding you each step of the way. Do not fear that you will falter, for all of us are here to catch you if you strip and fall. Take us by the hand, walk with us, share with us, love with us. The darkness is but a house of fears holding us back, making us question of purpose and our existence. We are our own reality, the reality that we make for our life. The darkness is only necessary to the extent that it is a comfort zone, a place to be peaceful and restful. There is no fear in the darkness, only ones that we put there. There is comfort in the darkness only as you allow the light to penetrate add remove the insecurities that are stored there. Be fully aware that no one of the light can ever be harmful or prove malicious to you. The light is all good,, all sacred and all loving. The darkness should only be a period of restfulness where we can close our eyes and remove the stresses of the day and allow our insecurities and fears to diminish in to melt away to dissolve. Fear not for God is within the darkness, protecting you and keeping you safe.

Genocide Apology Essay -- Government

The Politics of Apology – What are your views on moving on, forgive and forget or saying sorry [for any genocide]. â€Å"There comes a time in the history of a nation when peoples must become fully reconciled to their past if they are to go forward with confidence to embrace their future† (Rudd, 2008: p. 167). The concept of apology is often linked to reparations in genocide studies (Lofstrom, 2011: p. 94). Scholars will question whether an apology or an admission of guilt is an adequate post-genocidal response. If an apology is not enough, then how does any institution, government or political group approach the issue of moving on from past wrongs? Does the very act of apologising help to mask the ongoing issues still faced by those who are oppressed? With reference to the Apology to Australia’s Indigenous People offered by the Federal Government on 13 February 2008, has this apology served its intended purpose, or is more work required to achieve an effective and lasting reconciliation between white Australia, and its indigenous forbears. To explore these questions, it is important to gain a wider understanding of the content of an apology, the purpose of an apology, and also to look more closely into the effects of apology in a specific circumstance. Blatz, Schumann and Ross (2009: p. 221) identify 6 key elements that comprise a comprehensive apology. These elements are: remorse, acceptance of responsibility, admission of injustice or wrongdoing, acknowledgement of harm and/or victim suffering, forbearance or promises to behave better in future and offers of repair. These elements should be present in any apology if it is to have the desired effect. Stamato (2008: p. 389) offers an interpretation of the purpose and effec... .... Axis rule in occupied Europe. New York: The Lawbook Exchange Ltd. Lofstrom, J. (2011). Historical apologies as acts of symbolic inclusion – and exclusion? Reflections on institutional apologies as politics of cultural citizenship. Citizenship Studies 15(1):93-108. Murphy, F. (2011). Archives of sorrow: an exploration of Australia’s stolen generations and their journey into the past. History & Anthropology 22(4):481-495. Rudd, K. (2008). Australia, House of Representitives 2008, Debates, vol.HR1, pp. 167, accessed 22/3/2012, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/genpdf/chamber/hansardr/2008-02-13/0003/hansard_frag.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf Short, D. (2010). Australia: a continuing genocide? Journal of Genocide Research 12:45-68. Stamato, L. (2008). Peace and the culture and politics of apology. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice 20:389-397.

Nutritional and Fitness Paper

My sthrongest dimensions after taking the self-test are intellectual health, social health and environmental health. I think that I am sthrongest in intellectual health because I don’t make rash decisions in my life without thinking about the consequences. When I was younger I seemed to get myself in trouble a few times and at one point it got so bad that I had to really look at myself and question the decisions that I was making. I learned from the mistakes that I made in my teen years and have helped me a lot when making decisions in work and with friends.In social health I scored sthrongest in this category I feel because I am able to listen to others problems without making it about myself. If a friend comes to me with a problem, I tend to listen to them more than give my own opinion or feedback unless I am asked. I always try to give people the benefit of doubt and don’t judge them when I first meet them. Social health also includes relationships with family and fr iend, I come from a close knit family and have a good relationship with my immediate family and can’t see myself not ever talking to any of them.My friendship also have the stayed the same tthroughout the years, I have the same friends I have had since high school and college. In environmental health I believe was one of many sthrongest because over the years I have become aware of global warming and the affect that is being done to our planet and resources. When I am brushing my teeth, I turn of the faucet until I need the water again; I also use energy saving light bulbs all around my house to save electricity. I have been recycling bottles, cans and paper and have even gotten some of my family members to do the same.I know that I can do more in regards to getting out there and spread the word little by little. The way that I can become sthronger in physical health is by exercising more, whether it be taking the stairs instead of the elevator or going for a walk around the block. I could also try to improve my physical health by eating healthier meals during the day and cutting out junk food and instead eat more vegetables and fruits. I can also try and improve my sleeping patterns and get more sleep during the night.The way that I can change my emotional health is by understanding me more, for example, if I am feeling mad or aggravated at some one, I can take time and compose myself and approach the situation differently. The way that I can change my spiritual health is by getting more involved in the community and do more charitable events. I have to involve myself more in nature, for example, if I go to the park I can sit on a bench and listen to the birds chirping, the wind blowing and connect with Mother Nature. Some personal choices that I can make to improve my health are; exercising, eating healthy and quit smoking.I have started to get back in the routine of exercising for at least an hour a day, I will be using the shaping technique so that I won’t overwhelm myself and quit within the first couple of days. In eating healthy I can learn to cut out junk and greasy food, it’s important that I learn this because I have a daughter myself and I don’t want her to suffer from any health issues, such as diabetes or child obesity. I have to make these choices so that I can be a good example to my daughter and she will be able to make better choices.A behavior change technique that could help me I shaping, which is when â€Å"to reach a goal, you may need to take several individual steps, each designed to change one small piece of a larger behavior† (Donatelle, 2010). This technique would help me in exercising, for example, I can begin to walk for 30 minutes a day and after my body becomes accustomed to the exercise I will add more minutes to it until I have become used to working out. Another behavior change is called visualization, which mearns â€Å"mentally practice can transform healthy behavior into healthy ones† (Donatelle, 2010).This technique could help also in my exercise, for example, if I am going up a hill I can mentally tell myself â€Å"you can do this†. This will prepare my mind so that my body will go. Another technquie I called modeling which mearns â€Å"learning behaviors by watching other perform them† (Donatelle, 2010). This would be helpful in exercising because I will have someone else who can go to the gym with me and be motivated by them just being there. Controlling the situation would mean â€Å"the right setting or the right group of people will positively influence your behavior† (Donatelle, 2010).

Citizen Kane Essay

An extremely wonderful, but definitely not a movie I would ever watch again because I wouldn’t be able to handle it a second time, Citizen Kane’s very title has become a masterpiece. â€Å"The Citizen Kane of its genre is about as great of praise as any film might hope to achieve. Citizen Kane’s unique status in the world of American cinema is held in its place in Hollywood history. At the height of the Hollywood studio system, when studio bosses controlled every aspect of filmmaking from production to exhibition, this film was made by a handful of brilliant artists who were given freedom to do whatever they wanted. The examples in the film of why Citizen Kane is arguably the greatest film of all time: Introduction to Xanadu.  Kane’s Death. News on the March. Introduction to Susan Alexander. Kane’s childhood, Kane Buys his First Newspaper. Introduction to Mr. Bernstein. Visual symbolism: Mr. Bernstein’s image reflected in table. Visual symbolism: Mr. Bernstein stands beneath painting of Kane. The Early Days, the Happy Days. Declaration of Principles Scene. Kane Celebrates Birth of His Newspaper Empire. Kane Returns from Paris with Wedding Engagement. Leland Recalls the Breakdown of Kane’s Marriage to Emily Norton. Kane Meets Susan Alexander. Gettys Springs His Trap. Kane Marries Susan Alexander; Her Opening Night at the The Missing Review. Susan Alexander at the El Rancho. Susan Alexander Rehearses for Opening Night. Susan Alexander’s Opening Night at the New Opera House. Argument over the Bad Reviews. Susan Alexander on Tour. After Susan’s Suicide Attempt. Life is Boring in Xanadu. Susan Leaves Kane. As Susan confronts Kane. As Kane pleads with her. As Susan realizes Kane just doesn’t get it. Kane, watching Susan walks down long corridors and out of his life. Susan walking away from camera. Visual symbolism, Susan walking out of his life, and Kane’s Rampage After Susan Leaves a Symbolic action, Kane picks up the glass ball. Symbolic dialogue, Kane says â€Å"Rosebud† metaphor: Kane’s reflections in the mirrors Answer to the Riddle of â€Å"Rosebud.† Visual symbolism, fence, No Trespassing Sign, K sign in fence in foreground, Xanadu looming in the background Visually, Welles and legendary cinematographer Gregg Toland forged a dramatic style combining such techniques as extreme deep focus, varied camera angles  including low angles revealing set ceilings, and unconventional use of lighting and deep shadows anticipating the film noir style. Individually, most of these techniques had been pioneered in other films, but Citizen Kane masterfully brought them together with unprecedented acumen and maturity. Narratively, Welles and veteran writer Herman J. Mankiewicz jointly crafted a storytelling tour de force combining non-linear narrative, composite storytelling from multiple points of view (a technique that would later be indelibly associated with Kurosawa’s Rashomon), varying narrative forms including the famous opening newsreel segment as well as interviews and flashbacks, and a dramatic span of decades with characters aging from young adulthood (or even childhood) to old age. Their characters are complex and ambiguous, and their dialogue crackles with wit and insight. Thematically, the film tackles the mystery of man from nearly every conceivable angle except religion — love, happiness, money, power, sex, marriage, divorce, politics, the media, celebrity, despair, death — in a sweepingly ambitious study that asks anew the 2000-year-old question, â€Å"What does it profit a man to gain the whole world and lose his soul?† What’s more, Kane accomplishes all this not as a rarefied art film for the ambitious few, but as a popular story for the masses, a riddle picture with the most famous twist ending in Hollywood history. This ending, of course, is the explanation of Charles Foster Kane’s dying word, â€Å"Rosebud.† The twist behind the twist is that while the final shot satisfyingly resolves the question with which the picture began, the whole notion that that the answer to that question would somehow provide the key to Kane’s life was only a journalistic conceit. The film answers the question, but refrains from offering any final explanation or judgment of its complex protagonist, suggesting that a man’s life is more than a riddle to be explained or resolved. That’s not to say that Rosebud isn’t significant. It is. It signifies innocence lost, regret, the failure of the American dream of rags-to-riches  success. It also represents what Kane lost at an early age when he was taken from his mother and father and raised by an unloving guardian. Deprived of love, burdened by too much money and power, Kane grows up with a ravenous desire to be loved despite being incapable of love himself, as well as an arrogance and sense of entitlement to getting his way. The tragedy of his life epitomizes the dark side of the pursuit of happiness, with failed marriages, broken friendships, dashed political aspirations, rapacious acquisitiveness, isolation, and despair. Controversy surrounding the release of the film has become an enduring part of its legend. The character of Charles Foster Kane was widely recognized at least in part as a fictionalized version of newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, and Hearst furiously did his best to suppress the picture and have it destroyed. While working on Citizen Kane, Welles joked that â€Å"If they ever let me do a second picture, I’m lucky.† He was only half right. He was lucky enough to make many additional pictures, some of them masterpieces in their own right. That super awesome level of control and magic was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and Welles made the most of it. This is Citizen Kane.