Role Of Transportation In Economic Development Of Pakistan Tourism Essay

Role Of Transportation In Economic Development Of Pakistan Tourism Essay It is defined in term of gross domestic product (GDP) and market production. It is increased the number of goods and services produced by an economy in defined time period. Introduction: Motorway network of any country is of vital importance of its economic development and effect positive on different fields of economy. An economy seems to developed and industrialized if widespread transport system. It is extremely difficult to put the economy on the high rapid path without an efficient transport system. An efficient communication system is essential for trade, national commerce and integration. Pakistans economic development depends upon improvements and modernization of its transport system. In 1947 depends on roads was only 8 %, now it is more than 96% of inland freight and 92% of passenger traffic. Now it is a backbone of Pakistanis economy. Motorway boost Pakistan economy Motorway increase positive effect on production, Supply and employment Fiscal impact of motorway Motorway and land use Motorway speedy access to labour, education, Health. Motorway transport and poverty Motorway and environment National Highway Authority (NHA) It is responsible for the development and maintenance of national highways and motorways. The total length of roads under the NHA is 12000 which accounts 4% of the entire road network and take 80% of Pakistans commercial traffic. Road density is an indicator of development. Current road density is 0.32 km/km2, which is much less even from regional standard. The government wants to bring double digit of 0.64 km/km2. Pakistans current road network is now more than 260000 km. Pakistans motorways are part of Pakistans National Trade Corridor Project, which aims to link Pakistans three Arabian Sea ports (Karachi Port, Port Bin Qasim and Gwadar Port) to the rest of the country and further with Afghanistan, Iran, India, Central Asia and China. M-1 Motorway Islamabad to Peshawar Pakistans motorway (M-1) 155 km 6-lane, linking Peshawar, Charsada, Noshera, Sawabi, Attock, Burhan, Hasanabadal to Islamabad capital of Pakistan, has been operational since 30 October 2007. It has become a vital link to Afghanistan and Central Asia and is expected to take much traffic off the highly used N5. It is safe way of NATO supply line to Afghanistan. It is the most beautiful motorway of Pakistan crossing river Sindh and river Kabil. M-2 Motorway Islamabad to Lahore Pakistans first motorway, the 367 km 6-lane M-2, connecting the Pakistan capital Islamabad and Lahore, was constructed by South Koreas Daewoo Corporation and was inaugurated in November 1997 in Nawaz Sharif Govt and was the first motorway to be built in South Asia. It is strategic road during war using as emergency run way. The M-2 is a motorway in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is 367 km long and connects Lahore with Islamabad. It passes through Kala Shah Kaku, Sheikhupura, Khanqah Dogran, Kot Sarwar, Pindi Bhattian, Sial Morr, Kot Momin, Salem, Lilla, Kallar Kahar, Balksar, and Chakri before ending just outside the twin cities Rawalpindi and Islamabad. It then continues on to eventually become the M1 motorway linking the twin cities with Peshawar. The M-2 crosses the junction of the M3 (to Faisalabad) at Pindi Bhattian. It has connected best places for tourists like Hiran Minar, Waris Shah Tomb, Khewara mine, salt range, Citric fields, Rice fields and Kalar Kahar Jheel. M-3 Motorway Pindi Bhatian to Faisalabad Pakistan motorway (M-3), the 54 km 4-lane linking the Pindi Bhattian Arch bridge Junction on the M-2 with Faisalabad. Initially, it was planned to have 6-lanes, however, due to the shortage of funds, it was decided to reduce the number of lanes to 4 with an option to upgrade it to 6-lanes in future. Construction of the M-3 began in May 2002 and it was completed ahead of schedule in September 2003 at a cost of Rs 5.3 billion. It was inaugurated and opened for traffic on 2 October 2003. Now industrial Area of Punjab Govt is being constructed on Sahinwala interchange. (M-4) Motorway Faisalabad to Multan It has length of 233 km 4-lane, began on 19 August 2009 with breaking ceremony performed by Pakistans Prime Minister, Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani. There is working on progress at two constructions Phase Faisalabad to Gojra and Khanewal to Multan. It will link Multan with the M-3 Motorway at Faisalabad. The M4 will begin Faisalabad interchange at the Sargodha Road of Faisalabad. It will continue on a southwest course connecting the cities of Faisalabad, Jhang, Gojra, Toba Tek Singh, Shorkot, Khanewal and Multan. Once at Khanewal, it will merge onto the N5 temporarily until the M5 is complete.. The M4 will be constructed in four stages (i) Faisalabad-Gojra (58  km), (ii) Gojra-Shorkot (61  km), (iii) Shorkot-Din Pur-Khanewal (65  km) and (iv) Khanewal-Multan (65  km), whereas two large bridges will be constructed on the River Ravi and Shadhnai Channel. Estimated cost is USD 601 million. M-5 Motorway Multan to Dera Khazi Khan It is a planned 4 lane motorway that will link Multan with Dera Ghazi Khan. It will be constructed after the completion of the Faisalabad Multan (M-4) Motorway. M-6 Motorway Dera Ghazi Khan to Ratodero It is a planned 4 lane motorway that will link Dera Ghazi Khan with Ratodero. It will be constructed after the completion of the Multan to Dera Khazi Khan( M-5) Motorway. M-8 Motorway Ratodero To Gawader The 892 km 4-lane M-8 is under-construction in Sindh and Balochistan provinces. Initially, it will have 2 lanes with a further 2 lanes planned. The 4 lane motorway will be upgradable to 6 lanes. Once completed it will directly link the port city of Gwadar with the rest of Pakistans motorway network at Ratodero where it will link up with the M-6 Dera Ghazi Khan-Ratodero Motorway. M-9 Motorway Haiderabad to Karachi Hyderabad-Karachi Super Highway is in the process of being upgraded into a 6-lane access-controlled motorway designated the M-9. Expression of Interest (EOI) was invited by the National Highway Authority (NHA) in May 2011. The NHA awarded the Rs. 24.93 billion contract to the Malaysian construction company on Built Operate Transfer (BOT) basis in January 2012. The proposed 136-km long motorway will be completed in three years. Patrolling and enforcement National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP) is responsible for enforcement of traffic rules and safety measures, security and free flow of traffic on the Pakistan Motorway network. The NHMP use heavy jeeps, cars and heavy motorbikes for patrolling and help purposes and uses day and night vision speed cameras for enforcing speed limits. It is friendly and corruption free police in Pakistan. SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPORTATION AND ITS SENERIO: Road transport is the backbone of Pakistans transport system. The 9,574 km long National Highway and Motorway network, which is 3.65 percent of the total road network, carries 80 percent of Pakistans total traffic. Over the past ten years, road traffic, both passenger and freight, has grown significantly faster than the national economy. Currently, it is accounting for 91 percent of national passenger traffic and 96 percent of freight. Port traffic in Pakistan grows at 8 percent annually in recent years. Two major ports, Port Karachi and Port Qasim, handle 95 percent of all international trade. Port Gwadar, which was inaugurated in March 2007 and is being operated by Singapore Port Authority, is aiming to develop into a central energy port in the region. 14 dry ports cater to high value external trade. Pakistan Railways (PR) has a broad gauge system (with a small network of meter gauge in the South East). The network consists of the main North South corridor, connecting the Karachi ports to the primary production and population centers in Pakistan. The track is in good condition with an axle-load of 23 tons and maximum permitted speeds of 100/110 kph. There are 36 operational airports. Karachi is Pakistans main airport but significant levels of both domestic and international cargo are also handled at Islamabad and Lahore. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), the major public sector airline, though facing the competition from a few private airlines, carries approximately 70 percent of domestic passengers and almost all domestic freight traffic. The transportation sector accounts for about 10.5 percent of the countrys GDP and 27.4 percent of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) in FY06. It provides over 6 percent of employment in the country and receives 12 to 16 percent of the annual Federal Public Sector Development Program (PSDP). Government agencies dominate the sector. Although the sector is functional, its inefficiencies with long waiting and traveling times, high costs, and low reliability are dragging the countrys economic growth. These factors also reduce the competitiveness of the countrys exports, increase the cost of doing business in Pakistan, and constrain Pakistans ability to integrate into global supply chains which require just-in-time delivery. The poor performance of the sector is estimated to cost the economy 4-6 percent of GDP each year. Roads Over half the national highways network is in poor condition, and the road safety record is poor. The countrys truck fleet is mostly made up of obsolete, underpowered, and polluting vehicles, and trucks are often grossly overloaded. Truck operating speeds on the main corridors are only 40 50 kph for container traffic, half of the truck speeds in Europe. For trucks carrying bulk cargoes, the journeys take 3-4 times longer than in Europe. Bridge between South Asia and South West Asia; Iran and Afghanistan are energy abundant while India and China are lacking of. China finds way to Indian ocean and Arabian Sea through Korakaram. China with its fastest economic growth rate of 9%; is developing its southern provinces because its own port is 4500 km away from Sinkiang but Gawader is 2500km away. Pakistan offers to CARs the shortest route of 2600 km as compared to Iran (4500 km) or Turkey (5000 km). Land locked Afganistan now at the phase of Reconstruction, finds its ways through Pakistan. Gawader port with its deep waters attracts the trade ships of China, CARs and South East Asian Countries. Hypothesis of the study: The research study will examine the impact of motorways on Pakistan Economy. I will describe the relationship between motorway and economy. H1: There will be positive impact of motorway on Pakistan Economy which is assumption of proposal. H2: There will be negative impact of motorway on Pakistan economy which is against of H1. H3: There will be effective relationship of motorway with Pakistan economy. H4: There will be ineffective relationship of motorways with Pakistan economy. ASSUMPTION OF STUDY Limitations: Time constraints of the semester require less time than may be ideal for an ethnographic study. By being in the organization for only four hours a week for five weeks, there are bound to be aspects of leadership practice, organizational culture and team communication that will not be revealed during my observations. Being an outsider may also limit what is revealed to me. The team members may be guarded in their conversations around me, especially in my initial observations. [Describe conditions beyond your control that place restrictions on what you can do and the conclusions you may be able to draw] Delimitations: I am choosing not to observe multiple teams, even though such comparisons might be valuable, in order to allow more depth of understanding regarding the group on which I will focus. Additionally, I will not use structured interviews in order to minimize my obtrusiveness and my influence on the team members. [Describe the boundaries of the study that you determine] OBJECTIVE OF STUDY There will be following main objective of my research. Economic growth Private Sector Development Regional Cooperate Social growth Description The overall objective of the study will be to provide the Government with a detailed implementation plan for the motorway corridors, and to prepare the highest priority project ready for award and implementation using an appropriate public-private partnership model. (i) Pakistan road sector; (ii) the project preparation phase to prepare a project for the selected motorway link; and (iii) the procurement preparation phase to prepare necessary documents and prerequisites for procurement process. Linkage to Country/ Regional Strategy to reduce logistics cost and increase the countrys global competitiveness. The overall objective of the road network is to reduce logistics costs in Pakistan through the promotion of (i) more efficient logistics in the production sector, (ii) more efficiency in the transport sector, (iii) the development of private sector logistics businesses, (iv) better facilitation for international trade, and (v) better human resource development. Within the road subsector, the Government intends to pursue its overall goal of reducing logistics costs and maintaining or increasing the countrys regional competitiveness primarily within the framework of these five areas. A number of challenges and constraints must be overcome to achieve this goal within a reasonable period, including (i) developing a broadly based financing plan that reaches well beyond the dependence on normal yearly budget allocations; and (ii) making significant changes to Pakistans legal and contractual frameworks to provide the environment essential for the introduction of innovative public private partnerships. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Considerable progress has been made in the transport and communication sector during the current fiscal year. During July-March 1999-2000, the total length of roads in the country was 249,959 km, including 138,726 Km of high type and 111,233 km of low type. Total number of motor vehicles on roads stood at 4.085 million during the same period. The construction work on Islamabad-Peshawar Motorway which started in 1998, is expected to be completed with the cost of Rs.26 billion by December 200:1. Pakistan Railways network consists of 7,791 route km during July-March, 1999-2000. Its major assets include 582 locomotives, 2,029 passenger coaches and 22,247 freight wagons. During 1999-2000 (July-March) it carried 49.2 million passengers and 3.8 million tons freight and its gross earnings stood at Rs.7,208 million. The network of Pakistan International Airlines covers 37 international destinations and 35 domestic stations covering almost all parts of the country. Its fleet consists of 48 aircrafts of varied types. Presently, three .private airlines i.e. Shaheen Air International, Bhoja Air Line and Aero Asia are operating on local and international routes, while the fourth private sector airlineSafe Air International is operating on domestic routes only. The country has two major sea ports namely, Karachi Sea Port and Port Qasim. Beside, two Fish Harbour-Cum-Mini Ports are being developed at Gawadur and Keti Bunder. The Karachi Port has handled 18.0 million tons of cargo during July-March, 1999-2000, compared with 1.7.6 million tons of cargo during the corresponding period of last year. Pakistan is now connected with most of the countries of the world through international gateway exchanges. Value added services such as internet, E-mail, cellular mobile telephone, optical fiber system, card pay phone, paging services etc. are now available in the country which are providing innovative and modern services to the consumers. At present, about 21,000 customers are connected through internet, whereas the total number of internet users in Pakistan upto March, 2000 are 120,000. There are more than 3.8 million telephone lines, out of which about 3.03 million lines are connected to the customers, 2,663 telephone exchanges, 1,362 NWD exchanges, 10,256 VHF PCOs, 393 telegraph offices and 112 customer service centres are working in the country. The estimated number of TV and VCR sets in the country as on June 30, 1999 were 3.035 million and 0.136 million respectively. As on March 31, 2000, the TV and VCR sets are estimated to be 3.150 million and 0.136 million respectively. Pakistan is an emerging market for automobiles and automotive parts offers immense business and investment opportunities. The total contribution of Auto industry to GDP in 2007 is 2.8% which is likely to increase up to 5.6% in the next 5 years. Auto sector presently, contributes 16% to the manufacturing sector which also is expected to increase 25% in the next 7 years. Pakistan, with 155 million people, has a reasonably developed transport infrastructure. Road transport is the backbone of Pakistans transport system. The 9,574 km long National Highway and Motorway network, which is 3.65 percent of the total road network, carries 80 percent of Pakistans total traffic. Over the past ten years, road traffic, both passenger and freight, has grown significantly faster than the national economy. Currently, it is accounting for 91 percent of national passenger traffic and 96 percent of freight. Port traffic in Pakistan grows at 8 percent annually in recent years. Two major ports, Port Karachi and Port Qasim, handle 95 percent of all international trade. Port Gwadar, which was inaugurated in March 2007 and is being operated by Singapore Port Authority, is aiming to develop into a central energy port in the region. 14 dry ports cater to high value external trade. Pakistan Railways (PR) has a broad gauge system (with a small network of meter gauge in the South East). The network consists of the main North South corridor, connecting the Karachi ports to the primary production and population centers in Pakistan. The track is in good condition with an axle-load of 23 tons and maximum permitted speeds of 100/110 kph. There are 36 operational airports. Karachi is Pakistans main airport but significant levels of both domestic and international cargo are also handled at Islamabad and Lahore. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), the major public sector airline, though facing the competition from a few private airlines, carries approximately 70 percent of domestic passengers and almost all domestic freight traffic. The transportation sector accounts for about 10.5 percent of the countrys GDP and 27.4 percent of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) in FY06. It provides over 6 percent of employment in the country and receives 12 to 16 percent of the annual Federal Public Sector Development Program (PSDP). Government agencies dominate the sector. Although the sector is functional, its inefficiencies with long waiting and traveling times, high costs, and low reliability are dragging the countrys economic growth. These factors also reduce the competitiveness of the countrys exports, increase the cost of doing business in Pakistan, and constrain Pakistans ability to integrate into global supply chains which require just-in-time delivery. The poor performance of the sector is estimated to cost the economy 4-6 percent of GDP each year. Methodology This presents an overview of the methods to use in the research. It shows the research design, population, sample and sampling techniques, data collection and analysis. Research Design The study will involve the evaluating the role of motorways in the Pakistan economy. It will be effect at regional countries like China, Central Asia, Afghanistan and India. Consequently, the research will be designed to achieve the objectives set out by research. Population The transport sector of Pakistan is playing an important role in the economy. The ministry of communication is main controlling authority on motorways for planning and construction. The ministry of communication including their Departments like National Highways motorway police, National Highway authority and Transport research center essential for operational process. The targeted population for the study thus includes the following Ministry of communication (FEDRAL) National Highway authority (NHA) National Highways Motorways police (NHMP) National transport research center (NTRC) National trade corridor improvement program (NTCIP) Frontier works organization (FWO) The Main cities (Population) liked with motorways Sample The research belongs to impact of all motorways of Pakistan but in sample I will discuss only Lahore Islamabad Motorway (M-2) Only such department belonging to M-2 will be considered. The questionnaire and date will be collected only for M-2. Sampling and Sampling Technique It obvious from the population above that a census is not feasible in this study. Accordingly, I shall adopt the survey type of research in which a sample from the target population will be used for the study. In total, a sample of 150 elements will be selected from a targeted population of 300. Details of the sample are as follows: 20 officers and official from NHA 20 officers and staff from NHMP 30 transporters and 20 passengers 20 economy experts 20 officers planning department 40 citizens near motorway The research study will adopt a multistage stratified sampling method to select elements. First, the  population will be divided into officers and officials. Next, It will be grouped into Ministries, Departments and Agencies and into Metropolitan, Municipal and Districts. This will ensure a fair representation of each group of institutions since their  operations are significantly different. Data Collection The focus of study is on attitudes and perception and the importance of primary data cannot beover-emphasised. However, secondary data will also be collected to augment the studies. Before the actual data collect the researcher will collect introductory letter from the School of  Business of the University of Cape Coast to the sampled institutions. The initial visit to the selected institutions will therefore be to introduce himself, familiarize himself with those institutions as well as seek their consent for the study. Data collection instrument The researcher will collect data by administering a questionnaire. The questionnaire will unstructured questions, consisting of approximately 20 questions divided into three sections A, B, and C. Section A will consist of seven questions seeking to answer the first research question. Section B will consist of six questions covering the second research question where as Section C will consist of questions to test the hypothesis and also answer the third research question. Table 1: Section Research Question Investigative Questions A Sample Investigative Questions SectionResearch QuestionInvestigative Questions A à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What account for the lowsupport for Internal Audit by  public sector managers? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Are you aware of the role of the Internal Auditor  in you organisation? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How important do you think is the role of theInternal Auditor to your organisation? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In your view, is the Head of Internal Audit placedappropriately on the organisational chart?B à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What actions are necessary toget the support of  management of internalauditing in the public sector? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Generally, how will you rank the relevance of  Internal Audit in your organisation? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What reasons account for your answer above? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What do you consider the three most importantactions needed to promote Internal Auditing inthe public sector?C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is there a link between thequality of service the InternalAuditor provides for hisorganisation and the attitudeof managers towards theInternal Audit function? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What do you consider to be the highest achieve of  your internal audit department? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Would agree to the statement that ones  perception of the Internal Auditor is influenced byhow they perceive his role in the company? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Will your attitude towards Internal Audit bedifferent if they help you achieve your objectives? Research proposal SB/MAC/08/0005 Page 10 Most of the structured questions will be the close-ended type and respondents willbe asked to mark the appropriate box matching the correct answer. Otherquestions, however, will require respondents to give opinions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: After analytical study keeping in view their results, discussions will be suggested to solve the problem for this purpose also policy implications will be discussed. This study will be useful for the research on the topic and will provide guideline for planner and policy maker. REFRENCES www.worldbank.org.pk//PAKISTANEXTN/0,,content MDK: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorways_ of _Pakistan SACTRA. (1999), Transport and the economy. HMSO, London. Mewton, R. 1997, The costs and benefits of induced traffic on the Sydney Harbour Tunnel and Gore Hill Freeway. Masters Dissertation. University of New England, Armidale. The Institute of Internal Auditors (the IIA). (2007),The Professional Practices Framework. Florida, U.S.: The IIA Research Foundation. B., Cooper, D.R., and Schindler, P.S. (2005)  Business Research Methods,Maidenhead, McGraw-Hill

Equality for Women Essay -- essays research papers

How would you like to earn about an extra million dollars? Is this hard to do? Then answer is no, all you have to do is be born male and graduate college. Throughout history women have strived for equality. The informal slogan of the Decade of Women became â€Å"Women do two-thirds of the world's work, receive 10 percent of the world's income and own 1 percent of the means of production† (Robbins, 354). Throughout the world the disparity of rights for women is immense. The inequalities between girls and boys are evident prior to children beginning elementary school. Girls are made aware that they are unequal to boys as soon as they start. Even different behaviors are acceptable for boys than for girls, for instance. Every time students are seated or lined up by gender, teachers are affirming that girls and boys should be treated differently. Girls are praised for being neat, quiet, and calm, whereas boys are encouraged to think independently, be active and speak up. Girls are socialized in schools to recognize popularity as being important and learn that educational performance and ability are not as important. "Girls in grades six and seven rate being popular and well-liked as more important than being perceived as competent or independent. Boys, on the other hand, are more likely to rank independence and competence as more important" (Bailey, 169). A permissive attitude towards sexual harassment is another way in which schools reinforce the socialization of girls as inferior. When schools ignore sexist, racist, homophobic, and violent interactions between students, they are giving tacit approval to such behaviors. We as a society taunt boys for throwing like a girl, or crying like a girl, which implies that being a girl is worse than being a boy. According to the American Association of University Women Report, "The clear message to both boys and girls is that girls are not worthy of respect and that appropriate behavior for boys includes exerting power over girls -- or over other, weaker boys" (Bailey, 173). "Because classrooms are microcosms of society, mirroring its strengths and ills alike, it follows that the normal socialization patterns of young children that often lead to distorted perceptions of gender roles are reflected in the classro... ...ns taking action to stop discrimination and violence against women. Work Cited Bailey, S. How Schools Shortchange Girls: The AAUW Report. New York, NY: Marlowe & Company. 1992. Henslin. Essentials of Sociology, 5th ed. Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Longman. 1995-2005. 266–272 Mann, Judy. The difference, Growing up Female in America, New York, New York., Warner Books, Inc. 1994. 1-12. Marshall, C.S. & Reihartz, J. Gender issues in the classroom. Clearinghouse, 1997. 333- 338. Massey, Garth. Readings for Sociology Forth Edition, New York, New York. W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. 231-237. McCormick, P. Are girls taught to fail? Chicago, IL. U.S. Catholic, 60, 1995. 38-42. Robbins, Richard H. Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism, Allyn & Bacon Publishers, 1999. 354-355 Sullivan, Marianne. â€Å"Women's Poverty Deepens Amid Slow 2003 Recovery.† womensenews.org, 30 August 2004, 29 October 2004, [http://womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1968/context/archive] â€Å"Wage Gap Increases Between Women and Men, US Census Report.† Feminist.org. 2 September 2004. 28 October 2004. [http://www.feminist.org/news/newsbyte/uswirestory.asp?id=8622]

Just One Day by Gayle Forman Essay

Allyson Healey has lived her entire life in a neat little box mapped out by her parents. But during a European tour after high school graduation, she meets an actor named Willem. There’s instant attraction and Allyson is charmed. When Willem invites her to spend one day in Paris with him, she decides to be impulsive for once and agrees to accompany him instead of heading to London with her best friend. That day in Paris is magical and Allyson learns to take life as it comes, to pounce on the chances that come her way. But after a night of sex, she wakes up to find herself alone. Devastated, Allyson returns to London to meet up with her friend, and from there to the U.S. where she heads off to college in the fall. What follows is a year of self-discovery and picking up the pieces after Allyson’s first attempt at seizing the day results in disaster. Despite my best intentions to keep an open mind, I go into novels with expectations. If I Stay and Where She Went were so emotionally visceral and I suppose I expected more of that here. I didn’t really get it. Maybe it was the pacing. The summer stint in Europe took up more than a third of the novel. That doesn’t leave much room for self-discovery. In truth, what happens is that Allyson spends half of her freshman year in college in a deep depression. She attempts to return to the box outlined for her but finds she no longer fits because she’s discovered the world the exists beyond it. This dissonance affects all aspects of her life. Her once-perfect grades plummet. Her friendships stumble and fail. Of course, all that would have been fine within the context of a story if more weight had been given to the idea of self-discovery. Instead the shadow of Willem dominated everything. I just can’t get behind the portrayal of a one-night stand derailing someone’s life so badly. Yes, she was a teenager — an older one, true, but still a teenager. But even so, Allyson wasn’t a virgin. She’d had a boyfriend. Yes, she thought she’d fallen in love. But because of her age, I wasn’t convinced. This is my age speaking but we know this story. One-night stands where the girl thinks she has a deep connection with the guy but the guy acts like he barely even knows her the next morning? Such a common tale. I realize knowing it happens is different from having it actually happen to you but the entire thing left a bad taste in my mouth. Part of my feelings can be chalked up to the knowledge that Just One Day is the first half of a duology. The follow-up will be told from Willem’s point of view. I can already guess how it’ll go. He didn’t actually leave her alone the next morning. He had a reason! He’s not an asshole. If Allyson had only waited and had faith in their love, there’d been no reason for that year of moping. It was all just a misunderstanding. But if that’s the case, I would have liked for Allyson’s half of the tale to focus more on self-discovery and globe-trotting, the latter of which takes up less than 100 pages of the novel. In many ways, I think Just One Day is attempting to replicate the magic of If I Stay and Where She Went. If that’s the case, it fails. It didn’t have the same romantic and emotional impact. The themes of self-actualization and discovery despite — or in spite of — life-changing love don’t ring as strongly. If there’d been more focus on Allyson learning to enjoy life for herself and on her own terms instead of her life being affected by Willem on many levels, maybe I would have enjoyed it more. That, I feel, is the spark missing from this story. Theoretically, I like the idea of chance meetings altering the shape of your life. But what I dislike is that chance meeting becoming the source of all your sadness, joy, and motivation.

Nothing New Under The Sun A Look At Existentialism

Juan Linares Mr. Maust English IV AP 7 December, 2015 Nothing New Under The Sun A Look at Existentialism The purpose of life is to be happy; to seek a microcosm of something, and there find the slot where your piece fits. Once a person has become a part of something, happiness is achieved - and life is fulfilled; the priest finds the parish, the athlete finds the field, and the baker finds the bakery. Happily do they continue on with their lives, and to them, life is fulfilled. A haze of joy and mirth shields the everyday man from the reality of their insignificance; some admit it and manage on, but others crash and crumble under the weight of the truth: for what it is worth, the deeds of a man matter as much as the grime on a snail’s shell. This truth is not entirely grim; however, it does allure. Many have been drawn to find, for themselves, the truth of human worth. Existentialists focus on the question that is a concrete human existence, and the conditions of such existence; they do not dwell on a hypothesis for human essence, instead they stress that this essence is determined by an individual’s own life choices. Although humans live in the world, a distance is created in order to add meaning to the disinterested world; however, this meaning is fragile and can be disturbed by tragedy or insight. When this disturbance occurs, and humans’ precarious lives crumble, the true nature of the world is revealed; a nature that shows little importance for humans; this way ofShow MoreRelatedThe Individual Versus His Environment in The Stranger and Grendel1674 Words   |  7 Pageswhen analyzing for dominant ideologies, to slap them both with the label of existentialism and be done with it. However, closer scrutiny indicates that whilst both Meursault and Grendel are existential heroes, Grendel, unlike Meursault, exists in a solipsistic universe that runs contrary to his ideology and thusly never experiences the catharsis that Meursault does. As put by Jean-Paul Sartre in his essay Existentialism is a Humanism, â€Å"The other is indispensable to my existence, and equally so toRead More The meaning of the suffering of Meursault from the angle of existentialist crisis2080 Words   |  9 PagesExistentialism tends to focus on the question of human existence — the feeling that there is no purpose, indeed nothing, at the core of existence. The term itself suggests one major theme: the stress on concrete individual existence and, consequently, on subjectivity, individual freedom, and choice. Sartre did not believe in God, so there was no place for the essence of humanity to be before human existence. For Existentialists like Sartre, the absence of God has a much larger significance than theRead MoreLight and Heat Imagery in The Stranger by Albert Camus1418 Words   |  6 Pages 11/14/2013 Word Count: 1,365 Light and Heat Imagery in The Stanger by Albert Camus, and Its Effects on the Murder and Existentialism in the Novel In The Stranger by Albert Camus, the murder committed by Meursault is questionably done with no reason. Although the entirety of the second part is spent in society’s attempts to find a cause, Meursault has a durable existential mentality that proves that even he knows that there is no true reason for the crime. Through the use of light and heat imageryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Stranger 1905 Words   |  8 Pageshorror I feel when I look into a man’s face and all I see is a monster.† The biggest conflict is the aftermath of the murder of the Arab. Meursault had to go through a conflict with the court process. Everyone was judging him. Everyone in the courtroom was focusing more on his reaction to his own mother’s death rather than the actual crime. The protagonist is Meursault. The antagonist is also Meursault. Meursault is his own worst enemy. Meursault means well, but the â€Å"sun† made him murders theRead More T.S. Eliots The Wasteland Essay3278 Words   |  14 Pagesnor do they consider why it is they feel they must do these things. Through studies in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective on human drives, the various Christian theories of Mark Jordan and Kirk Bingaman, and Jean-Paul Sartre’s atheist existentialism, a movement that demands that a person take control of their actions, the character’s actions can be understood. It is through these tales of misplaced hope that the motives of the characters, and t he reason they feel these needs, are discoveredRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 PagesEssentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * isRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesMiddle Ages and modern thought, in which Latin began to lose its role of the standard language for philosophical discussion. The study of classics (especially Plato and Neoplatonism) and of the humane arts, such as history and literature enjoyed a new popularity. The concept of man became the central object of philosophical reflection (most notably in Montaigne and Pico della Mirandola). With the loosening of theological strictures on thought, the Renaissance renewed interest in natural philosophyRead MoreEssay on Yank’s Absurd Inheritance in The Hairy Ape3203 Words   |  13 Pagestowards, as they are sympathetic to, both Yank’s ideology in this opening scene and to his struggle to belong in the scenes that follow. It is clear that O’Neill intends Yank, at least in part, as a modern day Everyman. In an interview for the New York Herald Tribune in 1924, O’Neill describes Yank as â€Å"a symbol of man, who has lost his old harmony with nature†; but Yank is not exclusively symbolic, for later in the same interview, O’Neill admits, â€Å"I personally do not believe that an idea canRead MoreViolation Of The Maxims Of Cooperative Principle7912 Words   |  32 Pagesinterpreted by a listener. This type of study necessarily involves the interpretation of what people mean in a particular context and how the context influences what is said. It requires a consideration of how the speakers organize what they want to say and under what circumstances. It also focuses on the social, political and ethical aspects of linguistic production. It shows forth the assumption that analysis is fruitful to understand a text and it enhances our appropriation, comprehension and understanding Read MoreComparing The Novels Lord Of The Flies And Heart Of Darkness4107 Words   |  17 Pagestravelling from Europe to Africa (Zhao). This novel depicts the point of view, then being somewhat popularized by the shocking work (for the period) of Sigmund Freud, that all individuals have darkness in their hearts. This is later echoed in existentialism, an attitude that it s all futile, and we re all essentially evil. Conrad strives to illustrate the point that the light of civilization normally drowns out this darkness, yet given the slightest opportunity, the heart of man (given that